It's built on node-webkit and chromium, which technically works on Windows, OSX and Linux. Do you seriously think they would make an OSX only editor when there's already so many that work on all platforms?
Cheaper hardware, Steam (and other games in general), testing on the platform used by a majority of our users, and more customization available than OS X, for starters.
It's most likely not possible until there's a "hosted atom" you connect to with your browser. ChromeOS is /just/ a web browser and won't run node, which Atom uses to do its processing.
It will depend on which node features/packages are essential, but it could probably be hacked together (possibly entirely using Atom's modular design, e.g. replace the standard file IO parts with browser-friendly ones like LocalStorage and the HTML5 File API).
@Downvoters: Please do your homework[0] before downvoting. If you genuinely think my comment deserved downvotes, at least afford me the courtesy of an explanation.
If it is inside node-webkit, I'll be curious to see how they got native windows menus support. There are some pretty serious bugs in NW's handling of windows native menus.