This is of course potentially disastrous. Our startup is based in Switzerland, with about half us working in Zurich and the other half in the EU. The goal has always been to do most new hiring in Switzerland rather than continue building a distributed organization. If the immigration situation changes drastically, we'll probably need to instead grow in other countries. And after that happens, there really is very little point in keeping the company registered and paying taxes in Switzerland at all. Even in the current situation being outside of the EU is already rather inconvenient.
And I'm sure ours isn't a unique situation. A sane immigration policy has been one of the main things Switzerland has going for it. For example Google Zurich can't be at all happy about this.
(As is normal in these kinds of things, the vote to restrict immigation was concentrated in the rural areas where no immigrants would move to. Meanwhile the places where immigrants actually have an impact voted against the proposal).
Yes, such quotas are a pain in the ass for a startup. The company I worked for lost a foreign employee because his residence-permit was not renewed after two years.
However, I'm not afraid about Google - they have all the legal processes in place to get non-EU citizens into Switzerland that face quotas already today. And in the worst case, they can still offer them a job in another office.
Oh, Google as a whole will of course be fine. But it'd be insane to have a huge engineering office in a small country and a bad immigration policy. So they'll grow elsewhere, and Switzerland loses out. (I worked in Google's Zurich office the last time there was a big immigration quota scare, IIRC 2008 or 2009 when they cut various quotas in half with no warning. It definitely wasn't treated internally as casually as you imply.)
There is nothing inherently wrong about tightening immigration policy. I don't know the details but there are couple of perfectly understandable reasons why people oppose immigration (note that they overlap a bit):
1. Immigrants are disproportionally responsible for criminality.
2. Switzerland is a rich country and the Swiss want to keep the wealth for themselves. But of course, many immigrants have a net positive effect on the country's wealth.
3. Many immigrants come from a very different culture and don't want to adjust to the mainstream culture.
4. Immigrants may form groups isolated from the rest of the society.
5. The Swiss culture is different than the American one. They're not that welcoming to immigrants. They want to keep their culture. I personally understand why they voted not to allow mosques in their towns.
I'm not sure you have enough facts to support your arguments
1) most probably if you take into account other factors (social economics ones), the nationality it's not a major one
2) as you said, the wealth created by migrants can be a net positive effect
3) many immigrants (85%) come from EU
4) almost none "ethnic ghettos" in CH
5) agree it's different. CH has about a 1/3 of its population that are migrants and they are generally welcomed and integrated (the regions that got most migrants rejected the initiative).
Beside, there isn't a unified "swiss culture". If you simply look at the languages, they are 3 different ones.
1) Bad social economic factors arise from bringing in a lot of immigrants and paying them "below water level".
Also leaving them to their own devices.
I don't know if that is the case with Switzerland but there is just so much immigrants you can integrate and so much discount work you can get from them before you begin to rip the social fabric of the country; And this is happening in some countries, they push too hard.
So, limiting immigration to some realistic amount seems to be the right thing. Of course this applies less to educated professionals from similar cultures and more to cheap labor.
1) Perhaps it's just the poor and unemployed immigrants that cause criminality. But still, you can say that immigration increases unemployment and therefore criminality.
2) That's why it's important who can immigrate. An uneducated family escaping from a poor country?
3) 4) 5) Ok, good points, these were mostly general arguments against immigration.
As for the unified culture - I would say that their culture is more unified than in the rest of europe. Languages are not that important.
1) No you can't gerneralise. Immigrants from France and Germany in CH are less criminal (well, technically less arrested ;) than swiss citizen.
2) CH immigration has always been selective, like most countries. The difference was that a few years ago citizen from "rich" eu countries could come without extra barrier. That's what has been voted to be changed.
As for the unified culture,I'm swiss and I lived both in CH and other countries in Europe. We have a lot in common within the country, but at least as much that is different. And language is one huge part of a culture, because it frames how you think and defines what books or movies you can access too.
> 1. Immigrants are disproportionally responsible for criminality.
As wikipedians would say, citation needed.
Besides, the majority of immigration within Switzerland are Europeans (because this law is for quotas about EU immigrants), the majority of which are French and Germans with a good level of qualifications, a frankly not so different culture, and the same language as the Swiss. So it has nothing to do with mosques.
> Besides, the majority of immigration within Switzerland are Europeans (because this law is for quotas about EU immigrants), the majority of which are French and Germans with a good level of qualifications, a frankly not so different culture, and the same language as the Swiss.
> the majority of immigration within Switzerland are Europeans (because this law is for quotas about EU immigrants), the majority of which are French and Germans with a good level of qualifications
77% - Swiss citizens
15% - Citizens of EU/EFTA countries
5% - Citizens of European countries not in the EU/EFTA
1% - Citizens of Asian countries
1% - Citizens of American countries
1% - Citizens of African countries
(If you move Turkey from "non-EU Europe" to "Asia", then non-EU Europe drops to 4%, and Asia rises to 2%.)
By specific nationality, the top sources of immigration are (% of immigrant population in parentheses):
1. Italy (16%)
2. Germany (15%)
3. Portugal (13%)
4. France (6%)
6. Serbia (5%)
7. Turkey (4%)
8. Spain (4%)
I guess it's caused by Compulsive Libertarian Downvote Disorder which is triggered by seeing non-politically-correct claims while not being able to mount compelling arguments against those.
Imho it is not a good choice at all.
As the EU commission said, if the Switzerland want to put some immigration block they have to drop also all other rights of the treaty EU-Sw [1].
Considering how much Swiss companies depend on the EU to make profit, I think this can be a large catastrophe on the mid-long term.
It may impact Swiss nationals in other countries as well. One of my Swiss colleagues is pretty worried about what this means for his Danish job. My understanding is that it's possible he could be deported, though that probably won't happen. The freedom-to-reside treaty is reciprocal: Danish nationals can work and live in Switzerland under equal conditions that Swiss nationals can work and live in Denmark. Now it appears that Switzerland has abrogated parts of its treaty obligations, and is imposing new restrictions on Danish nationals living in Switzerland. It's not clear what this means for the treaty rights of Swiss nationals living in Denmark. They may no longer have any treaty rights if Switzerland is deemed to have withdrawn from the treaty. Though Denmark might voluntarily choose to grandfather in existing residents, or give them an easy path to apply for a new visa (probably the business community will strongly push for this).
If the Danish wanted to give Switzerland the finger they could just offer all Swiss there a deal: Become a Danish citizen if you renounce your Swiss citizenship.
Though I expect a reaction that is both more level-headed and apathetic, especially from the Danish, since they have lately also been keen on the xenophobia front (re-instated border controls a few years back).
The dependency goes two ways. For example, there is no German car without parts coming from Switzerland. I hope that Brussels does not act offended and stays reasonable. Any action that hurts both parties would just be childish. However, they Swiss already struggled in the past to explain their democracy to the EU bureaucrats. Being used to decide for themselves, European politicians often fail to fully comprehend a system in which the people have the last word.
The Swiss do not want to drop the treaty - which is about much more than just immigration. They only want to keep immigration limited - as it was already the case until 2010. Going back to that level would be the simplest and most pragmatic solution.
The problem with this is that the Eurocrats see Europe's political integration as a one-way street: once you are in, there is no way back. They hate and threaten anyone who wants to go a step back - even if it is just a small one. The root cause is their fear of others imitating the Swiss and Brussels losing power. This has become very apparent during the euro crisis: while there are lots of rules for joining the euro-zone, none of the treaties ever even mentioned how one could leave it again. Leaving is just not an option in the minds of European politicians. This leaves no room for experiments and makes the EU very inflexible.
Well but... we all know that.
With that I mean that we know what EU treat are before we sign it. Once signed, obviously, we must not trash it expecting that nothing will happen.
And, in this specific case, we can not trash a part of a treat hoping the rest will be still accepted without problems, that is not the way contracts work.
Well, would you say that choice is more important than freedom of religion? The Swiss seem to think so.
In reality, you always have to make compromises. Pure democracy, in which the vox populi is total imperative must lead to isolationism in todays multi-faceted, complicated world. The best IMO best way to deal with todays world is the parlamentary democracy, where the citizens decide on the big questions and choices of direction while the technocrats try to work things out as close as possible to the stated choice of the electorate.
Picking out a tiny fragment of a big international treaty with many interested parties and rejecting that after the fact is childish.
With most countries with high amounts of immigrants being either quite poor or quite rich (especially those in Europe) and Switzerland obviously belonging to the rich European ones... it's not obvious what good could come from trying to leave this list of the richest, highest-immigration countries.
Why should "Switzerland" care about how rich it is if it's not Swiss?
Wealth is not the measure of all things and it's definitely not something that gets spread around evenly. There are winners and losers to mass immigration. Mass immigration also reduces the notion of there being a common culture and destiny which reduces the social capital and civic mindedness required for public programs to work.
Some people hope that the EU will cut Switzerland's access to the common market which will force it to officially accede to the European Union and have a saying in the rules and regulations it has to adopt anyway.
From the perspective of the EU, taking punitive action would make them look like Russia, eager to push their 'allies' about. It would be a gift to people who say the EU wants to take away countries' individual sovereignty.
According to those who oppose caps, instituting caps will cause a bunch of pain anyway. If the EU want to punish the swiss, the best thing to do would be to allow that pain, which the swiss have indisputably brought upon themselves.
I think you are right, letting them run into that knife is probably the best way. However, the counterargument also holds some sway: Switzerland is free-riding already, having many of the common market benefits of the EU without giving he loss of sovereignty that EU membership entails.
The whole EFTA agreement only works because Swizerland etc. are relatively small compared to the rest of the EU. If everybody had the EFTA deal and there was no EU, the whole thing would go to shambles within a few decades.
According to that list, 28.9% of the Swiss population are immigrants. Even if the proposed quota cuts immigration in half, it will still stay one of the top countries in that regard.
I would take this table with a grain of salt. It claims that Belarus is the most "immigrated to" country of all CIS (bar Kazakhstan) when really it's the most monocultural country out here. They probably failed to calculate USSR dissolution correctly and maybe have other problems.
These kind of moves are Europe's equivalent to the bus nonsense in Silicon Valley. It's the misplaced anger of a bunch of people that feel economically impotent and threatened by outsiders that seemingly operate in places they consider to be their homes more effectively than they do.
Removing freedom of movement of labour is highly retrogressive, and vast parts of the world would benefit from enabling it further, but we need to be better at getting to the bottom of this alienation at home question and how to resolve it because otherwise the fear of outsiders is just going to become more common and more acceptable.
It's actually the opposite of the "bus nonsense" and actually the concerns are valid.
In SV, poor(er) people complain about too many rich(er) people coming in.
When it comes to immigration, rich(er) people are afraid of too many poor(er) people coming in.
Also they are not removing freedom of movement, they put a limit on rate.
Which is something U.S. has been doing for decades and nothing bad really happened because of that.
In addition, the math for Switzerland is much different.
It's hard to change demographics of 300 million country by letting in a few hundred thousand immigrants.
According to the article, already 25% of 8 million Swiss are foreigners. That would be a pretty alarming number if you were native Swiss. If the current trend continues (80 thousand immigrants per year), that would be 50% in ~25 years.
Let's also not ignore the real danger of ethnic-based or religious-based conflict, like Bosnian War.
This vote has a classic "urban vs rural" component. Urban areas (where high population growth has the most direct impact) said "no" to the restriction of immigration. Rural areas said yes. The other component is linguistic/regional.
These two components typically summarize most Swiss votes pretty well.
And EU officials are unhappy about it. I guess if it was one of the EU countries, people would get to vote until a pre-approved decision in a referendum is reached.
By which you mean Europe would claim that the international treaties they make superseed the will of the local voters by virtue of them being in Europe ?
Except of course that in every test ever European politicians have chosen to safeguard their power and jobs as opposed to the principles of the European state.
Hell they've even gone against democracy itself.
Btw : letting member states pick and chose is alive and well. It's called confederalism and you can see it in action in (amongst others) Belgium and Switzerland.
Even the voting booklets were pretty biased against passing (IMO of course), although I'm not surprised at this result. The type of xenophobia often attributed to hillbillies in american culture is a lot more common in Switzerland than I expected. The sad thing is most people I've meet which hold this belief, could themselves be considered foreigners.
When I first arrived in Switzerland I was very surprised by the open racism and generally far-right-wing platform of the SVP. The black sheep poster[1] is pretty infamous of course, and then there's the small fact that the SVP was strongly against women's suffrage, within my lifetime! I think of universal suffrage as belonging to the American Reconstruction era but for Switzerland it's contemporaneous with men landing on the moon.
Even an American can easily see that a large chunk of Switzerland is quite reactionary. It seems weird. For some reason I expected a wealthy European country to have liberal social values.
As Switz people are historically all from one race and they didn't have a habit of importing slaves of other races, they don't have to like other races as a group.
Of course they should still treat individual people equally because not doing so is a human rights violation and is just plain rude.
Yes as I've sometimes said to my friends back home about Swiss, it's amazing how polite and well-behaved people are when they are all rich and sharing the same ancestors.
I had been in Zurich for almost a month before I saw the first black man there. Moments after I first saw him, he was arrested by four Kantonspolizie who jumped out of a van. True story.
> it's amazing how polite and well-behaved people are when they are all rich and sharing the same ancestors
I guess the big question is: Should they try to maintain their happy albeit somewhat isolated way of life? Or should they import diversity with all the social problems that come along with it?
There are all kinds of diversity and most of them do not involve bringing poor and agressive people in. You can just call educated foreigners in. I frankly don't understand why countries can choose #1 route once that became apparent.
Trade unions have to be nice to the rest of society (being its part), but Swiss citizens (both born and new) don't have to be nice to all the rest of the world. They have even greater priority of minding their own business.
I don't think it's fair to attribute this to xenophobia. You need to have some soft quota because immigration involves people; and people issues are complex to manage. Absorbing 80,000 new immigrants into population of 8 million is a huge deal.
Ordinary Swiss workers will ask themselves, "who benefits from this immigration?" The 50/50 referendum result is indicative of people's uncertainty about the answer to that question; and not necessarily that of their xenophobic attitude.
This is potentially good news for immigrants from the rest of the world. Currently, there are very strict quotas in place to make up for the large inflow of Europeans. In future, both categories will have quotas, which could result in more generous quotas for countries like the US. In an ironic twist, this could result in a more globally oriented Switzerland.
I wonder wether this is part of a larger backlash against centralization in general. The British have become very skeptical of the EU. And in September, the Scots will even vote on becoming independent from the UK. Catalonia feels less and less comfortable as part of Spain. Is this only a temporary phenomenon or an ongoing trend?
Not quite. The prevailing view among pro-European Brits, which has been the dominant political force in the UK of the last 40 years or so, was to create a very large trade bloc across a wider Europe, including freedom of movement of labour, but without things like the single currency. This differs from especially the classic French view, which was to create a Franco-German superstate which would be structurally incapable of having a war with itself through almost complete unification of a relatively small group of countries.
The collapse of the Berlin wall certainly played into the British vision for a while, then the Euro initially did well causing the federal contingent to be excited, but the structural weaknesses from the Eurozone members not having gone all in on unification, especially for budgetary policy, have swung it temporarily back to the large but loose collective. The split between the French and German experience of the Euro problem is going to prevent any real progress on this point at all since increasingly those two parties are going to disagree on their visions of the future.
Having just travelled from the France to the UK, there most definitely is NOT free traffic of persons or labour between the UK and Europe. Or rather, only in one direction.
Not really, we were drawn into the wars for a variety of political reasons (e.g. treaty obligations to protect neutral countries) rather than because of a philosophical objection to a unified European power.
Half a billion people in the EU have the right to live and work in any of the 27 member states. People from some very poor countries can live and work in very rich countries. That's actually a massive amount of freedom of movement, and dismantling of immigration barriers.
"How come UK wants to stop paying immigrants from poor countries unemployement benefits?"
EU migrants entering the UK cannot claim unemployment benefit for the first three months of their stay (but they can after that time). The debate is around "benefit tourism" - people travelling to other countries to claim welfare benefits. Whether this is an actual problem or something whipped up by our toxic British press is hard to say (facts rarely come into the discussion as far as the press are concerned).
The debate about "benefit tourism" isn't unique to Britain (perhaps the hysterical tone is though). It's a political issue in other European countries too.
> The debate is around "benefit tourism" - people travelling to other countries to claim welfare benefits.
No it's not. It's about North African immigrants creating completely exclusive communities using violence. Or at least, it is in Brussels. It is about the creation of oppressive communities fraught with crime, sexual inequality, enormous hatred of anyone not entirely like them in the middle of nearly all European countries.
Visit Brussels. Make sure to arrive through the "gare du nord", and walk around the building (warning: quite a walk, don't take too much money with you). You will understand in 30 minutes what's going on.
This vote was only about restricting immigration from the EU, though, not immigration from outside the EU. The two biggest immigrant groups in Switzerland that will be hit by this measure are Italian nationals, and German nationals (the two biggest sources of Swiss immigrants). There is apparently some tension between Italian-speaking Swiss and Italian immigrants; and between German-speaking Swiss and German immigrants, despite those groups not being from wildly different ethnic or cultural backgrounds. It's not like there is some Italian ghetto inside Italian-speaking Switzerland that is failing to integrate into the majority culture...
As someone from Russia who is recently very interesting in the whole immigration debate, I would say that very conflicting news come from EU.
Some sources, like you, claim insane crime in immigrant ghettoes, when other sources act like there is no problem.
If immigrants have high crime rate and they make a sizable portion of citizens, how come it doesn't reflect in crime statistics? Because those are still low for the EU as far as I know.
I'd say : follow the money. Without immigrants, the population of the EU would be dropping, and quite quickly. That would destroy Europe, affecting a hell of a lot of politics. None of the people who think like this live in the cities. Well either they live in the very expensive neighbourhoods, the "reserved" neighbourhoods (e.g. the EU commission "reserves" certain houses/apartments only for it's employees), or the countryside (which is more like suburbs than like countryside).
On the other hand, there are also people who actually live there. They wouldn't mind the population dropping and the violence, exclusion and crime matters a whole lot more if you can't escape it. Walking around the north station in Brussels with an iPad, for example, is impossible. Walking around alone if you're female, just don't risk it.
And of course, the racism charge is used against anyone who isn't happy. Note that racism, by itself, is a crime in Western Europe (this started out as a law against holocaust denial and now includes a hell of a lot more[1]). It's considered part of criminal law, which means that if you're suspected of racism you can be charged without any damages. This tends to happen to people who get in the way of the status-quo politics. In reality 35-45% of the population is extremely against immigration (including nearly all non-recent immigrants), but they're kept out of the political process through charges of racism or accusations of being nazis.
[1] Except of course, where convenient. Denying the Armenian genocide is sort-of OK by the socialist parties in Europe, because they want their power over Turkey too.
The grand-parent said 27, but Shengen area (with free movement) is not the same as EU: The UK and Ireland are not part of it, but Iceland, Norway and Switzerland are (well, not anymore it seems).
Schengen area is about border control. There definitely is free movement between the UK and other EU states, with exception only for criminals and such IIRC.
Schengen just means you don't have to present your passport at the border. However that differnet from "not requiring a visa". Both UK & Ireland allow any EU citizen to work in their countries without a visa. So you only need to show a passport to enter UK/Ireland, but that's all. You still have free movement of people between (say) UK and Bulgaria.
The people who voted against such immigration probably suspect that benefits to the Swiss economy probably doesn't necessarily mean benefits to them, it might mean increased competition, which in effect nullifies that one argument commonly put forward.
Actually, the EU should be grateful - that decision will result in fewer engineers, doctors, professors, and other highly qualified talents migrating to Switzerland.
The EU/Swiss deal is (I think) an all-or-nothing deal about immigration/customs/etc where either side can pull out completely. Switzerland might have just pulled out completely.
So what you mean to say is that the EU politicians will show backbone, respect their principles and reject a potential of new power over a new state in order to safeguard European law ?
These are the people that have not even mentioned the situation in Turkey. Hell, they haven't even stopped treaty negotiations about Turkey joining the EU.
The swiss enjoy the many benefits of the European Free Trade Association and want to be as integrated into the EU economy as possible without actually having to pay the price that comes with full membership. Not everybody is happy about this and I expect the EU to retaliate by putting more pressure on the freedoms of Swiss banks.
What? NO! That's not what I meant. The immigrants are a benefit.
The price you have to pay is that you get the Euro, you pay into the EU budget, you have your banking and industry regulated by the EU and you get the (admittedly questionable) supervision of the national budget.
There is a bigger question about cherry-picking the EU treaties here. Too many nationalists wanting to opt out of too many things.
EDIT: I must admit that my original comment can be read the way you did, but it was definitely not meant that way. I can assure you that I personally have made extensive use of the freedom to roam, work and study wherever I please within the EU.
And I'm sure ours isn't a unique situation. A sane immigration policy has been one of the main things Switzerland has going for it. For example Google Zurich can't be at all happy about this.
(As is normal in these kinds of things, the vote to restrict immigation was concentrated in the rural areas where no immigrants would move to. Meanwhile the places where immigrants actually have an impact voted against the proposal).