I could be stretching the definition of "does" but the newfound(?) tree-sitter s...

I could be stretching the definition of "does" but the newfound(?) tree-sitter support in Emacs[1] I believe would allow that since it for sure understands the distinction but I don't possess enough font-lock ninjary to actually, for real, bind a different color to the distinct usages

  /* given foo.c */
  int main() {
    int a, *b;
    a = 5 * 10;
    b = &a;
    printf("a is %d\n", *b);
  }

and then M-x c-ts-mode followed by navigating to each * and invoking M-x treesit-inspect-node-at-point in turn produces, respectively:

  (declaration declarator: (pointer_declarator "*"))

  right: (binary_expression operator: "*")

  arguments: (argument_list (pointer_expression operator: "*"))

1: https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/Tree-sitter