I could be stretching the definition of "does" but the newfound(?) tree-sitter support in Emacs[1] I believe would allow that since it for sure understands the distinction but I don't possess enough font-lock ninjary to actually, for real, bind a different color to the distinct usages
/* given foo.c */
int main() {
int a, *b;
a = 5 * 10;
b = &a;
printf("a is %d\n", *b);
}
and then M-x c-ts-mode followed by navigating to each * and invoking M-x treesit-inspect-node-at-point in turn produces, respectively:
I don't think they implied there is. The sentence you quoted is essentially "this is relevant for their article about weird lexical syntax, but (almost definitely) not relevant to their original problem of syntax highlighting".
Can you mention one editor which does that?