You would need more than a non-programmer friendly interface on top- biologists, astronomers, chemists, et al. usually aren't fully fledged programmers themselves, and aren't likely to understand what Docker is, let alone how to use it. A scientific programming project framework is a great idea (perhaps something built into Julia, or a specialized packaging of Python similar to Anaconda) but it would require a lot of the complex machinery to be concealed somehow. A challenging project, even before the "get editors to demand it" stage.
That’s exactly what I meant—conceal the details so anyone can use it, but base those details on common standards so it’s possible for a savvy individual to work with such packages manually without vendor lock-in. The true challenge definitely isn’t the technical side—it’s getting people to adopt it, and thereby make it standard.