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Can you post this code if possible please?


There is cloudflare PII in one of the screenshots, I wonder if Cloudflare was notified of access to their data in January.

Speculation from here on.

In my personal opinion,Cloudflare's actions indicate that Cloudflare was not notified of the breach until today.

```We are aware that @Okta may have been compromised. There is no evidence that Cloudflare has been compromised. Okta is merely an identity provider for Cloudflare. Thankfully, we have multiple layers of security beyond Okta, and would never consider them to be a standalone option.``` - @eastdakota - https://twitter.com/eastdakota/status/1506143353544478724


‘“Merely” an identity provider for [us]’ is selling the understatement of the year


Identity + AuthN != AuthZ


That was a pretty rapid response from CF though, are we sure they didn't know ahead of today? How long did they have to determine "no evidence" before making a public statement about it?


Any competent operation is continuously monitoring all available signals for signs of breach. All I read into this is that their systems have not identified any IoCs. Doesn't mean it hasn't happened, but, if you're relying on something non-automated to make these kinds of determinations, you're already pretty screwed. Forensics is definitely a thing in cases where there's reason to believe a breach happened, but, it's not the thing that will be used to decide something has happened worth investigating.

Thus, it should take approximately zero actual time to conclude what was stated here.


Touche... CF SIRT is an a well oiled machine [1]

[1] https://blog.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-investigation-of-the-...



It took 25days from the time the Covid-19 sequence was published to make the Moderna vaccine.[1]

[1]https://www.bostonmagazine.com/health/2020/06/04/moderna-cor...


Holy cow. That's absolutely incredible. Does the use of mRNA make these vaccines faster to develop?


There is a large caveat, though: The virus is a SARS variant, which in turn is well-studied. Prior research sped up sequencing and analysis significantly. I think we had the first PCR test even before the full genome was sequenced. It is also somewhat easy to target with the mRNA approach. So don't expect the same speed for everything else.

I think this particular virus was one of the best possible for a pandemic. One the one hand it causes a serious, potentially deadly, illness. But on the other hand the illness does not immediately destroy our health system, let alone our industrial basis. It is also ideally suited for the relatively new mRNA vaccines.

This might be cynical, but the whole thing might turn out to be a net positive. Many more viruses could be attacked now. Personalized, immediate cancer treatment could be just one step away after this. Heck, we might even have found the solution to the problem with antibiotics resistent bacteria.


Yes. You could almost think of the mRNA as being "printed".

The real technology in these vaccines is actually encasing them in a lipid, which prevents your immune system from attacking the mRNA.


mRNA vaccines can be printed on a DNA printer! You might be interested in this article: Reverse Engineering the source code of the BioNTech/Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine https://twitter.com/sytses/status/1345854099464470528 It lets you see the exact mRNA contents of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and for most parts understand why they are there!


The electricity infrastructure in the larger cities is not as bad as you mention.

The infra is bad in the rural areas and the quality of infra varies greatly by the state.


I understand that nobody likes critics from foreigner. But I still stand by my point that infrastructure in India is among worst in the world. I haven't traveled the whole world, but traveled enough, and what I've seen in India is probably the worst I've seen.

I was working remotely so I needed reliable electricity and Internet. I had problems with both in every city I visited (and I visited many, from New Delhi to Kanyakumari.

Also, while traveling between cities on my motorcycle, I frequently saw powerlines burning or electrical poles burning in rural areas. Something I've never ever seen in any other country.

Only in Nepal the situation with both is worse.


I don't think it is a foreigner thing. I have travelled a lot in India as well and I find your statement not representative of the actual ground situation.

Infrastructure sure is not well done but the electricity bit is not true at least from what I have seen.

If you are in a city like New Delhi/Mumbai, most homes/hotels do have reliable power. For rare cuts most have power through power backups.

If you visit remote places, it is definitely worse. They have electrified a lot of places, but power is absent most of the times in the day. Some people rely on solar powered batteries for basic electrification at night. I have never seen a powerline burning though.

In cities there are internet providers which do better than others, so it might have been your luck with some bad provider; but they are not even present in remote places.

LTE based mobile internet has coverage problem in cities with pockets that get bad coverage, otherwise the provider 'Airtel' that I have used while traveling does seem to perform well in cities. Remote places have no coverage from LTE providers as well.


As someone who lives in an Indian metro, yes it definitely is that bad. Extremely unreliable and pops up at the hint of rain.

The only exception to this is Mumbai.


Edit: I misread your comment as "definitely NOT that bad". Turns out we are saying the same thing.

Well, depends on the Metro. Chennai is notorious for power cuts. Delhi is supposed to be better - but I used to live in Noida (Part of NCR, but technically UP and not Delhi) and the power cuts were ridiculous - around 60-90 minutes without power every day (I was fortunate enough to have backup power where I stayed).

My small hometown that was approx 25km outside Cochin in Kerala had far more reliable power supply. The point I'm trying to make - power supply varies greatly, and being a "tier 1 metro" does not always mean more reliable power than some obscure town you've never heard of.


Digital ~230 USD - https://www.mcmaster.com/pressure-gauges/pressure-and-vacuum...

Analog gauge ~100 USD -https://www.mcmaster.com/pressure-gauges/pressure-and-vacuum...

Both of the above gauges come with Calibration Certificate Traceable to NIST


Thank you for making and giving the talk. It got me interested in lithography.

Do you have any plans to give an updated talk. It would be interesting to know about what comes after 7nm.


Unfortunately I'm not the guy to do so...I left the industry for a lot of reasons including my own mental health :)


Also thanks for this interesting talk, really appreciate you spent the time to create and share it.

Which industry are you in now?


I ended up a professor at an engineering school. Found a passion for education.


That's great to hear. I am convinced you have talent for teaching. Wish you all the best.


Wouldn't using multiple Spectrometry/Spectroscopy methods help in finding out the impurities in the process chemicals?

ICP-MS and NMR should cover most elemental impurities.


I don't have any experience working in that industry.

But based on what I know, modern ICs require exceptional levels of purity of the materials. A single atom can ruin a transistor, and therefore the complete chip.

AFAIK the methods you mentioned aren't sensitive enough to detect individual atoms in barrels of stuff. E.g. ICP-MS detects 1E-15 concentrations, but in absolute numbers, 1E15 molecules is only 1.66e-9 mole, e.g. for iron (55.8g/mole), it translates to 1E+10 defects per kg of stuff. Way too many.


> and therefore the complete chip.

Most semiconductor companies bin chips based on how broken they are. GPUs, for example, frequently have different skus with the same chip differentiated by how many processors are broken (and thus disabled).


Wouldn't you be able to run the test multiple times and increase your sensitivity to an arbitrary level? Too expensive?


Studied a fair bit of chemistry, but not a pro, so this is only a rough outline.

A lot of chemical test equipment use semiconductor sensors of some kind - optical or otherwise - and most likely the sensitivity limit is simply the noise floor of the sensors. In good instruments they tend use good, or amazing detectors but they are still operating at the noise floor, or sometimes even below.

So running tests again doesn't really help sensitivity, for that you would most likely have to use some chemical process that amplifies the effect of the contaminants you are looking for. Hence the problem of having to know what to lool for in validating new chemicals, if you need ultra pure chemicals.


Elemental impurites aren't what we were worried about. It was organics. How sure are you there's no weird bacterium that lives in sulfuric acid and likes to eat iso tank lining? Would you bet $100 million against it?


Its called a decompression valve.


They have replaced a pure mechanical linkage with a motor in each valve.

A typical 4 cylinder engine will now need sixteen extra motors to run it.

While I like the idea of controlling the timing of each valve interdependently for the other, I am not for the additional electronics in the engine.


Its even worse, they replaced 1 camshaft with 4 camshafts, because electric linear actuators are not there yet (and probably never will be).


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