It's illegal in Germany as well ("Beamtenbeleidigung" literally insult of a civil servant). The fines are pretty mild but it's a funny law (imo). The line isn't exactly clear. Some things qualify as insults, others don't.
Iirc "Clown" qualifies but "Bulle" (somewhat similar to the US use of pig=cop) doesn't because it is considered common use now.
The rulings usually seem arbitrary.
[The same laws apply for insulting non officers btw.]
Edit: Upper limit is technically one year in prison or a corresponding monetary fine (value depends on your income as is standard in Germany)
There is no such thing as a "Beamtenbeleidigung" in Germany, though it is a quite common myth. People in office enjoy no special rights in that regard. There is a difference, though, in the law process. Insults as a criminal offense need a personal demand for a penalty to warrant persecution by the state. For people in office, this can be replaced by a substitution demand by the state, supposedly to warrant respect for office in general.
Then, there isn't a catalogue for insults and their penalty. That's because criminal law in Germany is driven by the idea that the thing to be penalised is the individual guilt, rather than an objective action. This has a lot of consequences, one of them being that your action is weighted by what you wanted when doing the potentially criminal action, i.e. the intent.
[The same laws apply for insulting non officers btw.]
Edit: Upper limit is technically one year in prison or a corresponding monetary fine (value depends on your income as is standard in Germany)