He said he doesn't want a github repo. A local git repo is one "git init" away. That's easier to do than getting a remote file system mounted. Pushing and pulling from local computers is also dead simple (do people really not have ssh set up?).
It sounds easy, but try doing that across my Ubuntu laptop, Windows desktop, Android phone, and iPad. Not going to happen. I mean, do you set up a scheduled task to commit and pull every 5 mins? What happens when you get conflicts? Can you even do that on an iPad?
The closest I've gotten to this nirvana is setting up OwnCloud on my own server, as a personal Dropbox. Can access it locally, or remotely over my VPN
I'm working on an open source tool which is designed to be a zero config right click context menu with a two entries, "snapshot" and "restore".
When you are offline or online it works with a single click, then syncs to a server once internet is restored. It never deletes old versions, you always have the whole history.
It also is encrypted client side and has data de-duplication. (The deduplication means you can keep snapshotting directories on a timer, and only changes are uploaded) It is not exactly what you described, but I can ping you when it is ready for people to test.
One could probably script a customizable text editor (Emacs, Sublime Text, etc) to automatically init and commit on save to a local revision control repository.
That's kind of a hack though. OS X's Time Machine feature sounds similar to what you want, if it watched for changes constantly instead of every time period (hour I think?). Does anybody know of some open source project similar to Time Machine? I imagine it could be adapted to such a task.