While the vice article suggests that mushrooms will make food for themselves or other organisms from the pollutants they pick up, not all compounds are broken down in mushrooms. For example it's suggested not to eat mushrooms from old apple orchards as they may have a higher lead content.
It still may have a practical application to treat soil in an area (as long as you harvest the mushrooms) but not all of the compounds drawn up by mushrooms are broken down.
There have been some other studies where mushroom mounds were created on the boundaries of farms to help collect phosphates and nitrates in water runoff with some promising success. Couldn't find the specific study I was thinking of with a quick search, will update this comment if I find it.
The mushrooms aren't necessarily being used to break down the compounds, so much as to facilitate their sequestration. You can then harvest and destroy the mushrooms and have clean soil.
Pollutants can be re-treated to be less harmful, or incinerated, or simply dispersed over a large enough surface/volume so that they would not be considered pollutants anymore at low enough concentrations.
It still may have a practical application to treat soil in an area (as long as you harvest the mushrooms) but not all of the compounds drawn up by mushrooms are broken down.
http://www.fungimag.com/winter-2010-articles/shavit-morels.p...
There have been some other studies where mushroom mounds were created on the boundaries of farms to help collect phosphates and nitrates in water runoff with some promising success. Couldn't find the specific study I was thinking of with a quick search, will update this comment if I find it.