Systems which do not use systemd simply do not have these problems because there is no analogous component. If syslogd goes down, the worst that happens is you don't get logs. Init doesn't go down because it essentially has no inputs. Individual services can go down if they're poorly written, but they won't bring the system down with them. Traditional systems (the hideousness that is "sysvinit") have plenty of other different problems (e.g. race conditions in process supervision), but deadlock or bringing down the whole system is not one of them.
With systemd on the other hand, all of the components under the systemd banner are tightly interconnected and communicating. In particular pid 1 has ongoing communication with multiple other components, and misbehavior from them can, both in theory and in practice, deadlock the whole system. In case you missed it, this is roughly what "monolithic architecture" means: even though the components are modular, they're designed for use in a tightly interwoven manner that's fragile. It's completely the opposite type of "monolithic" from the kernel, which has everything running in one address space, but with architectural modularity, where interdependency between components is kept fairly low.
> In particular pid 1 has ongoing communication with multiple other components, and misbehavior from them can, both in theory and in practice, deadlock the whole system. In case you missed it, this is roughly what "monolithic architecture" means: even though the components are modular, they're designed for use in a tightly interwoven manner that's fragile.
You mean like how if even one of my SysV init system start up scripts hung indefinitely, all subsequent components would never get started? Or are you referring to how the whole system would hang when the root filesystem device was temporarily unmounted (really fun with network filesystems, although to be fair, NFS implementations eventually became robust enough that this wouldn't be a complete disaster)? Or are you referring to fork bombs those race conditions you mentioned that would bring my system to a complete stand still? Or are you referring to how a race condition with date formatting in syslog actually hung my entire system time and again? Or perhaps you mean how a lot of init scripts had little (if any) retry logic such that you'd often end up without the critical component of your system not running... often in ways where you'd not find out about it or worse still not be able to do anything about it without some really intrusive intervention? Or maybe you are referring to how if you got your init startup order wrong for one of many critical components, you'd have a deadlock before you ever got a chance to actually fail.. Or maybe you're referring to how the right kind of getty failures triggered by a weird byte in a config file could turn your system to a paperweight?
It's so hard to tell which scenario you are referring to. ;-)
With systemd on the other hand, all of the components under the systemd banner are tightly interconnected and communicating. In particular pid 1 has ongoing communication with multiple other components, and misbehavior from them can, both in theory and in practice, deadlock the whole system. In case you missed it, this is roughly what "monolithic architecture" means: even though the components are modular, they're designed for use in a tightly interwoven manner that's fragile. It's completely the opposite type of "monolithic" from the kernel, which has everything running in one address space, but with architectural modularity, where interdependency between components is kept fairly low.