I am a performance noob, but given that fortran can be faster than C due to increased information about aliasing, and given how much more aliasing information Rust has, I don't see why Rust couldn't eventually even beat C on certain kinds of things. (And obviously, aliasing is only a tiny part of performance, just something that comes to mind.)
That said, I am FAR more concerned about shipping a solid 1.0 than on a maximum performance one. It'll be a while, but we'll get there.
Visual Studio ships only with a C++ compiler. That doesn't mean you cannot use other C compilers on Windows.
Still, there seems to be something similar since VS2005. »__restrict is similar to restrict from the C99 spec, but __restrict can be used in C++ or C programs.«: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/5ft82fed.aspx
PellesC has a new release candidate. LCC-WIN32 (compatible with what standard???) has a steady stream of releases. Openwatcom v2 has also changes. VS is only good for VisualD.
That said, I am FAR more concerned about shipping a solid 1.0 than on a maximum performance one. It'll be a while, but we'll get there.