My experience in American corporate is characterized by management organized to eek out every last bit of productivity.
Should that perhaps read: "...management organized to eek out every last bit of activity"?
There is a bias in favour of 7.5 or 8 (or more) hours of "active work", that is, "doing stuff", and many workers figure out how to fill their day with activity in the guise of productivity. Eventually management realizes workers have more time than they need, send in efficiency experts, people are laid off and tasks reassigned, and the cycle begins anew.
Workers tied to tightly synced processes, e.g., production lines, don't have this experience, generally, they are basically self-maintaining production machines themselves (no insult intended, some are highly skilled, but they plugged into an assembly line doing work machines cannot yet do - or for which capable machines are too expensive).
For the rest of the working world, let's baldly and boldly and wrongly say there are two other types of workers, so-called knowledge workers and all others (service industry agents, social workers, etc., etc.).
The latter are effectively in a process-oriented workflow whose event timings are unpredictable but broadly known. Escaping the activity trap would require data and prediction and flexibility that may simply be unfeasible with processes that are nearly 100% person dependent and person oriented. As long as management knows this, and accepts it, then there should be less need to fill in time appearing active, because productivity will occur when it needs to.
But when management loses sight of this, all manner of upset happens.
For the broad knowledge worker class, the solution is milestone-based management, with reasonable consideration given for reasonable downtime, since time spent not on the problem, whatever it is, is often the best time spent on the problem, because of the flashes of insight and mental rest that occur when not working so hard on whatever it is.
Should that perhaps read: "...management organized to eek out every last bit of activity"?
There is a bias in favour of 7.5 or 8 (or more) hours of "active work", that is, "doing stuff", and many workers figure out how to fill their day with activity in the guise of productivity. Eventually management realizes workers have more time than they need, send in efficiency experts, people are laid off and tasks reassigned, and the cycle begins anew.
Workers tied to tightly synced processes, e.g., production lines, don't have this experience, generally, they are basically self-maintaining production machines themselves (no insult intended, some are highly skilled, but they plugged into an assembly line doing work machines cannot yet do - or for which capable machines are too expensive).
For the rest of the working world, let's baldly and boldly and wrongly say there are two other types of workers, so-called knowledge workers and all others (service industry agents, social workers, etc., etc.).
The latter are effectively in a process-oriented workflow whose event timings are unpredictable but broadly known. Escaping the activity trap would require data and prediction and flexibility that may simply be unfeasible with processes that are nearly 100% person dependent and person oriented. As long as management knows this, and accepts it, then there should be less need to fill in time appearing active, because productivity will occur when it needs to.
But when management loses sight of this, all manner of upset happens.
For the broad knowledge worker class, the solution is milestone-based management, with reasonable consideration given for reasonable downtime, since time spent not on the problem, whatever it is, is often the best time spent on the problem, because of the flashes of insight and mental rest that occur when not working so hard on whatever it is.