Clang has excellent error messages for C++ - it even spellchecks your code and can suggest the function you meant to type when you typo something. So this is almost certainly a case of development effort, and not something intrinsic to the type system.
Yeah, clang's error messages are excellent, especially given how difficult C++ is to parse, let alone compile. However, they are still not as good as Go's. And try doing the kind of automated source transforms that Go can do with "go fix." IDEs for C++ are still fairly limited due to things like conditional compilation, unit-by-unit compilation, macros, etc. etc. You can make a pig fly, by shooting it out of a cannon, but ultimately it is still a pig.
I've been meaning to try the clang plugin for vim... context-sensitive autocomplete for C++ would be nice.