It's clear that a limiting factor on the growth of Silicon Valley is the availability of high-skill laborers. The labor shortage out here is insane. There are no unemployed competent computer programmers, and few unemployed incompetent programmers. Those that have jobs receive new job offers daily. On the flip side, founders find it very hard to stand out amidst the deluge of job offers to attract workers to their companies.
More high-skill immigrants would probably lead to more available jobs for natives, as more companies could find the labor they need to grow.
A low-skill immigration increase isn't necessary, and may hurt the Americans without a college degree who are already suffering in this economy from high levels of unemployment. But it is likely the only way to get Democrats on board for high-skill immigration reform.
Even the premise of the high-skilled laborers is flawed.. It would be great if small NextBigThing Co. could hire the talent, but more likely, there will be thousands of dubiously skilled 'coders' working at one of the many H1B factories. Look at the list[1] of where the Visas end up. The vast majority are at code-farms specializing in overcharging small businesses for poorly implemented frameworks. The rules and regulations around hiring are onerous and slanted toward established companies who can both pay 'market rate' (often based on misreported job titles) and who can navigate the paperwork. I seriously doubt that expanding these programs will have a positive impact on the ecosystem.
Now on hopefully a more productive note, if they revamped how the Visas are allocated to provide each company who applies with 1 H1B before offering 18,000 more to Infosys, there's a good chance of actual net benefit.
If you were to hire somebody who needs an H1-B now, you wouldn't find out if they could actually get one until after a lottery next April. But wait - there's more! Even if they win the lottery, that person couldn't actually start until next September. Now how much would you pay?
The current system favours the same companies that are abusing it and giving it a bad name - the ones who only care about rotating in another 19000 warm bodies every year.
Skilled programmers being in demand and having options for employment for them sounds like a feature not a bug to me.
What is wrong with the guy who has spent years of his life honing is craft demanding a fat salary?
Programming seems to be one of the few professions where a junior employee is expected to turn up and be productive from day 1.
If the programmers available don't have the skills you need, invest in training them or mentoring them. Offer attractive wages and get applications from all over the country. Talk to the colleges about your requirements and see if they can work that into the curricular.
That eats into profits? Good, give the money to people with a higher propensity to consume and spread that love around.
It is to the point that companies with fat piles of money can't grow, because they can't find competent people to give the money to. Yes, they do send out linkedin emails and take recruiting trips all over the country.
Sure they could, they just need to give out more money than they are willing to.
There are some exceptions to this like a few people Google has famously granted money hats to (but even they were more on the management side than pure engineers), but start busting through the glass ceiling that sits at around $160k or so for experienced engineers and see if you can't hire some.
Real immigration reform would be adopting a point system like Australia or New Zealand. Various criteria are assigned a point value (which can be changed as needs change) and if the points threshold is met, the candidate is admitted.
But that takes away the power from the big FWD.us donors and puts it directly in the hands of the skilled individuals we're supposedly trying to attract.
Yes. The U.S. could have plenty of high quality immigrants. We could have them buying spots directly. But instead we have some "huddled masses" feel-good/politics/ideology/lottery hybrid policy (Chechen refugees? great!) which is not at all optimized for any rationally measured end result.
That would be pretty smart in my book. Our position isn't very popular among DC politicos though. Their calculus is based more on reelection than good governance for people already living here.
Actually, a points-based green card will be available under this immigration reform—for the first time since 1965, possibly since immigration limits were first placed on the US in the 1920s.
Unclear who pushed for this provision, as no advocacy organization I'm aware of considered a points-based system to be within the realm of possibility until the bill was introduced.
Engineers are seriously underpaid in todays economy. From a business perspective, quality engineers are dirt cheap (relative to the value they create) so there's no reason not to hire as many as you can as long as you have can keep the project pipeline full.
A few months ago I read that the average google engineer creates something like $50k/month in value for the company. He might get paid $150k/year if he's lucky, that's insane.
Revenue per employee is a measure used to compare the labor efficiency of two companies in the same industry not as a way to judge how much revenue hiring a new employee will add to your bottom line.
Most engineers at Google almost certainly do not drive $50K/month in revenue for the company given that Google properties generate a hugely non-uniform distribution of revenue. While the guys working on say Android or Gmail for instance might be helping Google's brand, they are a very small part of their bottom line (at least now).
A Google engineer might generate $50k/month in value, but she is unlikely to generate as much value as a non-Google engineer. Competitive labor markets generally don't see such ~75% profit margins across the board. Either anti-competitive practices are pervasive, or Google is uniquely profitable. Most of the evidence points to the latter explanation.
If engineers are underpaid, start a company, pay engineers more to lure them away from Google, and enjoy your "paltry" ~50% profit margins.
I merely calculated the margin on $50k/month at $150k/year for the sake of argument. If Google engineers are underpaid, someone should be able to pay them more in exchange for a slightly lower profit margin. I don't think this is the case.
Engineers are underpaid. It is obvious to all of us in this respect. I'm not going to get paid $120k a year, unless my being there is generating $130k, or $140k, or more for the company. They're not hiring me to lose money. This is obvious.
As to your theoretical example of starting a company, here is where that falls apart logically. Several hundred families own trillions in capital. They make 20% a year profit on each engineer they employ. Say I own $50 million. I am a nice guy, so I only make 15% a year profit off each engineer, and give the engineers the other 5%.
Several things arise from this. For one, the dozens of people I employ are only a drop in the bucket to everyone else. So the dent in the whole economy is negligible. More importantly, my already relatively small pile of money is growing slower than everyone else's. Compound returns and all that. Now they get even more economies of scale. I can't even maintain my small niche, my small piece of the economy becomes ever smaller over time.
I don't want to go into every detail of your messages...anti-competitive? Look into the documents on the anti-poaching case which has hit Apple, Google, Intel etc. Also, there's a well known way for companies to make excessive profits - monopoly. Something the government is currently investigating in the case of Google.
The Democrats are doing quite well politically at the moment, regardless of the quality of the governance they offer. They feel little pressure to change a winning formula.
As a lifelong lefty liberal, the Democrats are only doing well by comparison. The Republicans being so far off the rails is actually fucking things up for all of us because the Democrats can coast on being merely incompetent and still look good compared to the other guys.
That's certainly the impression that a person could get from watching lefty media. But I think it represents an advance in the lefty propaganda machine more than it represents a decline in the level of Republicans.
All I want out of my government is good governance - a system built to last without any budget time-bombs that allows for human flourishing. The red states seem to be the best place to find that nowadays.
Walter Russell Mead's blog pretty regularly talks about state and local governance. The big pension disasters are heavily biased towards the blue states, and red states like Texas have seen heavy migration from blue staters looking for jobs.
The danger is that migrants from blue states will turn red states blue and kill the nice business environment that attracted them in the first place.
You need more than a single datapoint to determine something like good governance. From what I've read a lot of Texas' growth can be attributed to its geology (They have lots of oil and gas), demography (They have lots of immigrants willing to take on various jobs), and its geography (They share a border with Mexico and have port access with the Gulf. They trade a ton with Latin America.) (1) Don't get me wrong it's still growth, but not really a recepie that can be applied to all States.
As a young person looking to start a business soon, Austin's downtown and cheap rent look very appealing. Though unfortunately I think the cheap rent thing is going to change soon, haha.
I know this is late, but I don't base my opinion on just one data point. The bankruptcy of blue state pensions is a national phenomenon. Following the issue closely drives me more and more Republican, as does living in the one-party state that is California.
You've put forward a standard defense of the program. It generally goes like this: there is a meaningful shortage, salaries for talented people are extremely high, the reason Americans are avoiding these jobs is lack of good education, not rational, market based preference for other options, these workers create jobs, they don't take them away.
Interestingly, everyone agrees with you, until you start talking numbers. Even Norman Matloff (google him if you don't already know) supports 10,000-15,000 visas for talented people.
The problems start at scale, which is when you have to start asking if the visas are displacing or deterring rather than simply enriching. Just keep in mind, almost nobody is actually arguing for no visas.
I think the best, most sober argument that displacement is occurring comes from the RAND institute (which is historically devoted to truly rational analysis of public policy questions). Their study was at the graduate level, but they concluded that the American aversion to STEM fields is a rational, market based response to poor pay and prospects relative to the other things well educated people can do provided they already have US citizenship (or a green card, something that allows free movement within the labor force).
"The diminishing share of degrees awarded to U.S. citizens suggests that science and engineering careers "are becoming less attractive to U.S. citizens," said RAND, "or, alternatively, that U.S. citizens encounter more competition (from foreigners) in applying for a limited number of desirable spots" at research institutions, where foreigners have helped reduce research costs by holding down wages."
No question the US workforce is enriched in many ways by high skilled people from overseas. But based on the objective research, I think it's pretty clear that we've done this at a scale, and implemented it in such a way, that we're causing meaningful displacement and deterrence for US citizens in STEM fields, especially at the higher (graduate) level.
In the long run, I think it would be terribly destructive to close to door to top talent from overseas. The part that frustrates me is that the FWD.us types don't seem to appreciate the reality and danger this kind of displacement and deterrence could have on the US. We need a healthy pipeline of domestic labor, and we need to keep this in balance. If you kill off the domestic workforce, you can't revive it on a dime if (and I'd say when) they day comes when we can't just wave the magic wand and get people from overseas.
"the growth of Silicon Valley" - real meaning, "the growth of the profits of the heirs who own the majority of tech company stocks, are the VC limited partner financiers etc."
"There are no unemployed competent programmers". This has two meaningless adjectives - unemployed and competent. People working at McDonalds are "employed". Competent is a completely arbitrary concept as well, some people consider only 1% of programmers comptent. So this sentence is double meaningless.
My experience with HR at companies - if you dropped out of college in your senior year you're SOL - they want someone with a Bachelors. Sometimes even a Masters. They want an unbroken history of jobs going back to leaving college - if you decided to take a summer off and travel, god help you. Before you have even sat down to talk, they want references from your former 3 bosses, so you have to beg them for a favor to give you a recommendation - to a company which you might not even be working for. The interview happens during working hours, so odds are you'll have to take a vacation day just to interview at the place.
Then there is specialization. Knowing how heaps work or other elemental CS and programming concepts does not matter to the interviewer. Knowing Python in and out does not matter to the interviewer. Having a pretty good grasp of the Django web framework does not matter to the interviewer. What does matter is that they, unlike your company, use multiple databases with Django, so they will drill you on that. Oh you don't know how to select different databases in a QuerySet? That's it for you - next. Of course, you can go out of your way to learn this specific part of the framework, but then it will just be another specific part of Django you don't know. Or maybe they run CherryPy.
The real thing is companies used to actually train people. Now they won't wait a week for someone to get up to speed with some sub-specialization. So they leave the position open until they find such a person. This is not a shortage of people, it's a lack of desire to invest by investors.
More high-skill immigrants would probably lead to more available jobs for natives, as more companies could find the labor they need to grow.
A low-skill immigration increase isn't necessary, and may hurt the Americans without a college degree who are already suffering in this economy from high levels of unemployment. But it is likely the only way to get Democrats on board for high-skill immigration reform.