I have an emacs macro that redirects stdout and hooks in ipdb, the i here is important because it's an ipython wrapped pdb session. It's amazing.
JS is the usual Chrome debugger instrumentation.
Clojure is a mixture of REPL, println, and Ritz. Tbqh, Clojure needs an ipdb equivalent. Ritz is really ghetto. I realize the REPL suffices for most people but I'm accustomed to injecting my full programming environment dynamically into my runtime, not having two disjoint realities.