As developer I certainly wouldn't feel confortable receiving this kind of informations. There is a difference between selling for instance a $100 product and selling the equivalent of a cheeseburger. In the latter case I wouldn't expect receiving so much detailed informations for such insignificant and common purchase.
But if you were to buy a cheeseburger with a credit card, the person selling the cheeseburger would get this exact same information. I don't know if the price should really be a factor here.
As msy replied there are for sure some informations the seller wouldn't have from a credit card. But more generally this is a good question, I don't know how much informations the merchant obtain from VISA when I purchase something online. I would expect none, just that the transaction is authorized or denied.
Banks and networks (Visa etc) don't share the customer information with the merchant. There was a class action law suit against merchants asking for Zipcode.
http://articles.latimes.com/2011/feb/16/business/la-fi-0216-...
Here Google is acting like a network and the developer is the merchant. There is absolutely no requirement (from a legal perspective) to pass on the customers' information to the merchant.
Visa and the issuer bank don't share any personal details of the customer with the merchant, which is what Google and Paypal (and probably square) are promising the merchants, if they use their payment system.
