Here in Amsterdam it looks like bikes don't really need that much maintenance. People mostly use "old-timers" - single speed, backpedal brakes, enclosed chain and low pressure 35+mm tires all help to improve the reliability. My friends don't maintain their bikes at all and they are driving them in the town with water and snow and salt everywhere until they get stolen.
Yes, the reliability of Dutch bikes is legendary. Beyond the features you described, I think there are other features that are less obvious that also contribute to reliability: good tolerances on bearings, good steel for bearing balls and axles, and perhaps other things I don't know about.
