On: The Economic Complexity of the Western Roman Empire

[akkartik]

Rome conquered many places without committing genocide. The fate of Carthage stands out even by the standard of the time.

[soperj → akkartik]

Can you name some?

Genocide seemed to be part and parcel.

[akkartik → soperj]

Notice how few examples there are in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbicide#In_premodern_times, and how prominently Carthage figures. Or scan the years in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Razed_cities.

The usual approach of the time was enslavement and taxation. Because they were less effort and more reward.