Sometimes you download stuff that relies on case sensitivity. Anyone who's dealt with this probably has a sensitive RW DMG lying around for this reason. But macOS FSes default to case-insensitive, so random issues come up if you make your root sensitive (famously in Adobe software). Damned if you do or don't.
Another weird thing in macOS:
$ mkdir Cased
$ cd cased
$ pwd
/Users/me/Downloads/cased
$ cd ../Cased && pwd
/Users/me/Downloads/Cased
So yeah I wish the FS defaulted to sensitive, even though I never rely on that. Not its job to normalize names.
-L Display the logical current working directory.
-P Display the physical current working directory (all symbolic links resolved).
If no options are specified, the -L option is assumed.
In Bash and many modern POSIX shells, `pwd` is a builtin, not to mention an environment variable ${PWD}, but the POSIX system should also provide an external command, such as `/bin/pwd` that would operate on the filesystem, rather than semantically tracking your shell activity.
Another weird thing in macOS:
So yeah I wish the FS defaulted to sensitive, even though I never rely on that. Not its job to normalize names.