0.3-0.5% is still nowhere near the rates of visa and mastercard. Does UPI offer the same level of fraud protections or is it a free for all like Zelle is here in the states? Especially if they limit to > 2000 rupees.
Hopefully they allow foreigners some track to access UPI in the future.
That is true yes. The interchange fees tend to be the largest component though. The ECB reports that the average transaction cost of debit is 0.44% [1]
Most US debit cards are 0.1%. Credit cards have to give the user a 0% loan for 60 days, someone has to pay for it including debt write offs. Can't compare a debt product with a cash product.
Hopefully they allow foreigners some track to access UPI in the future.