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Tenda firmware (multiple versions) contains hidden authentication backdoor (cert.org)
172 points by miniBill 7 hours ago | hide | past | favorite | 51 comments
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The article doesn't disclose the value of "sys.rzadmin.password", but this writeup from 2022 does:

https://boschko.ca/tenda_ac1200_router/

Spoiler: it's "rzadmin". And it looks like there are a bunch of other goodies in the firmware, too.


At that point it’s not even a back door it’s just stupid default root password kind of design which used to be standard in this kind of hardware. Backdoor would at least try to be subtle :)

That backdoor is so up front about it. We might as well call it a frontdoor.

Sounds like a convenience feature for a dev that they forgot to remove before distribution, since it's this poorly hidden.

In computer security, never attribute to ignorance that which is adequately explained by malice.

You’ve got the saying backwards:

“Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon%27s_razor


Pretty sure the point was to invert it. :)

Yes, I got their point. My point is that’s the opposite of reality.

> Tenda is a supplier of home and business network devices such as routers, switches, wireless access points, and video surveillance equipment.

I was unfamiliar with Tenda.

> Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co.,Ltd. ( https://www.tendacn.com/us/profile )

Tenda may just rebrand, right? It seems like many chinese brands will either rebrand or have a 'competing' brand with the same internals but different externals. (I have no idea if Tenda does this, I've just seen it previously. Specifically with security cameras)

I wish the authors provided some method for checking this vulnerability other than fw version. It seems like Tenda could just change the password and say "yep! all safe now"


Tenda has been around for quite a few years now. I don't imagine they'll rebrand.

I have an ethernet over power adapter somewhere in a cupboard from perhaps 10 years ago.

Back then it was standard for the admin password to be 'admin'. They'd often even print it on the device itself.


> the admin password to be 'admin'. They'd often even print it on the device itself.

Yes but aren't you supposed to change that one? The problem with the rzadmin is that it will continue to work even after you change the regular admin one...


Tenda is very popular in Asia, several ISPs use them as their default routers.

It is probably just a brand, like many others, and based on a reference design from the OEM.

I have a small Tenda 5-port gigabit dumb switch. It uses the same switch chip as this TP-Link, just with different branding; even the "SG105" model number is the same:

https://goughlui.com/2022/02/27/unbox-teardown-tp-link-tl-sg...


I’m in the USA and have a Tenda WiFi usb stick. Not as popular as other brands but they are around

The consistency with which networking hardware companies produce such garbage is crazy.

And it’s always amateur hour backdoors somehow. If it was something sophisticated they might get a pass on „ok some security agency made them do it probably“


Or the amateur hour backdoors are those that are found.

Or the amateur hour backdoors are there to be found.


A quick search reveals several other serious vulnerabilities in Tenda routers that could grant administrator privileges. Therefore, I tend to believe this is due to the company's incompetence and lack of technical skill rather than malicious intent—but it's still a reason to avoid using Tenda products. There's a reason why Tenda's market share is far lower than TP-Link's.

It looks like recent Tenda hardware/firmware is encrypted per below examples, making it harder to audit.

binwalk US_AC10V6.0si_V16.03.62.09_multi_TDE01.bin

  DECIMAL       HEXADECIMAL     DESCRIPTION
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  516           0x204           OpenSSL encryption, salted, salt: 0x436999A39FECA649
binwalk US_BE12ProV1.0mt_V16.03.66.23_TD01.bin

  DECIMAL       HEXADECIMAL     DESCRIPTION
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  516           0x204           OpenSSL encryption, salted, salt: 0x81235B7D4130B6AB
The third attempt I tried was unencrypted, and possibly reveals the problem exists on another model this CVE doesn't list as affected:

binwalk US_W18EV2_kf_V16.01.0.20\(4766\)_HighPower\ \(1\).bin

  DECIMAL       HEXADECIMAL     DESCRIPTION
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  64            0x40            uImage header, header size: 64 bytes, header CRC: 0x95335734, created: 2026-06-16 09:09:35, image size: 2159135 bytes, Data Address: 0x80100000, Entry Point: 0x805F41C0, data CRC: 0x5ABEDB00, OS: Linux, CPU: MIPS, image type: OS Kernel Image, compression type: lzma, image name: "MIPS Tenda Linux-4.14.90"
  128           0x80            LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x6D, dictionary size: 8388608 bytes, uncompressed size: 6947248 bytes
  2159263       0x20F29F        Squashfs filesystem, little endian, version 4.0, compression:xz, size: 8971644 bytes, 847 inodes, blocksize: 1048576 bytes, created: 2026-06-16 08:53:20
Inside is /squashfs-root/webroot_ro/default_ac.cfg which offers:

  sys.rzadmin.username=rzadmin
  sys.rzadmin.password=cnphZG1pbg==  (ed: base64 decoded: rzadmin)
  sys.guest.username=guest
  sys.guest.password=Z3Vlc3Q=  (ed: base64 decoded: guest)
And /squashfs-root/webroot_ro/default_router.cfg which offers:

  sys.rzadmin.username=rzadmin
  sys.rzadmin.password=cnphZG1pbg==  (ed: base64 decoded: rzadmin)
From what I can see quickly (I haven't looked hard), "sys.rzadmin.password" is only referenced from the login() function of /bin/httpd in the context of retrieving a value. This value is retrieved and compared before the error message "login err: password is wrong." is emitted. I can't find any other reference to code in any part of the firmware that may allow a user to change the default value of "sys.rzadmin.password".

Also for fun there is a function imsd_upload_log_v1 in /bin/imsd that collects SSIDs, MACs, IP addresses, sys.admin.username, sys.rzadmin.username, timezone, and another function imsd_remote_pwd_get in /bin/imsd that retrieves sys.admin.password. Related library /lib/lubucapi.so also looks like a fun binary to inspect more closely as it contains a command set that seemingly allows either cloud management of Tenda routers and/or remote debugging, and possibly is why imsd_remote_pwd_get exists in /bin/imsd


Have used their travel wifi product back when hotel wifi was a strange beast. Wouldn't expect to need it now eSIM and ubiquitous internet travel pricing means the hotel wifi may be the LEAST valid path to access things.

I have a free give-away mikrotik unit in the same price bracket (literally free: they were both conference give-aways) it's physically smaller and it runs what appears to be their mainline code. Say what you like about microtik for quality, they provide pretty much every knob and frob you could want.


I’m working on a hotel right now. And I’ve gone to great lengths to make the wifi more secure. Everyone on their own VLAN. Separate PPSK for each room. Credentials are randomly generated and not some ridiculous pattern of last name and room number or similar. We built our own custom access control system, with what at the time was the strongest keycards we could find (mifare desfire ev3), I’m really trying to make a hotel who’s security isn’t such a joke.

How do you distribute credentials to residents?

My Macbook is permanently locked out of Cox's hotspot system (used in some U.S. hotels) because the password was given to me on a tiny label which I couldn't read as a blind person except through OCR, and the OCR was wrong a few too many times.


Do macs not spoof their macid (heh) everytime they join a network? I thought android (and windows?) did that already?

They do, by default. You have to override it on a per-network basis to disable this behavior.

As long as I can bind more than one device in my room, and as long as I can "see" the devices amongst themselves, I'd love this. I can imagine people who want inter-room access but they can live through proxies offsite. If I want to do in room sharing, I need in room wifi.

Gets hard when you bring "smart" TV's to the table. They're going to need to expose into this system somewhat 'credential-free' but if you do it off MAC address then a determined user could disconnect, find MAC, clone ...


I stayed at a clinic once, and all the smart TVs were on the same network.. I wonder what would've happened if I streamed a video from my phone to another room's TV.

It would still be wiser to tie your own router into the hotel system as a gateway, and keep your own PAN behind that.

My ifconfig is simple: if it's made in Shenzhen, throw it out

I bet more than half of components in all your electronics are made in Shenzhen

Yikes

The US/Israel would never do such a thing, buy UniFi/Fortinet/Palo Alto!

There was a meme going round of a network diagram that layers a Chinese firewall behind a US firewall behind a Russian firewall so they can all block each other countries backdoors.


They'll have a lot of work to do, if they want to catch up with the amount and rate of "hidden authentication backdoors" all those companies (and also Cisco) have. E.g. https://www.thestack.technology/cisco-hard-coding-passwords-...

Not sure if you're joking, but both have already done so. And any US company is subject to secret orders forcing them to implement a backdoor if demanded.

And this is why I handroll my own routers/firewalls, using commodity hardware and a Linux distribution.

Man, I remember doing this in the late 90s with ipchains as the only way to get a router that didn't cost an arm and a leg. Eventually consumer/prosumer routers came out.

What's old is new again.


Tenda has good support among OpenWRT.

So the next step is a hardware or boot firmware backdoor?

(Good to know it remains useful by using openWRT and doesn't become landfill)


Looking to do this to get off stock isp leased router. What's your hardware/distro rec?

Ryzen 5 with a dual 10Gbps NIC, running Debian. Overkill for a router/firewall, but I run other services on the same hardware including an email stack, Podman containers, and small AI model for use within Home Assistant.

I wouldn't buy new hardware. Any modest machine built in the last decade would do. If possible, get a machine with an internal ATX power supply rather than an external brick, they tend to be more reliable.

If all you need is 1Gpbs and WiFi, OpenWrt on consumer hardware is probably enough though.


I have a Lenovo thin client running Debian as internet gateway/firewall. With some minor modifications and a small low power blower fan you can add a dual sfp pcie card in it (not all versions can, though there are more manufacturers of thin clients with 4x pcie slots). The blower fan is because the main fan stops often and it needs some cooling.

Use openWrt (https://openwrt.org), and use their hardware list to pick a consumer router with the feature set you need that can be flashed to use openWrt.

So will this finally be treated as sabotage/criminal hacking, or is it just yet another example of letting manufacturers do whatever they want to their customers without any punishment? Meanwhile if I find and publish the emails of Tenda customers that they accidentally left unprotected, I get raided by the FBI.

Not to sound too alarming. But

Security holes in networking equipment

Affects not just the compromised devices.


Up and out the back door, any 'ol time.

Yet another Chinese company selling backdoor'd product. Surprise surprise...

Are you referring to the concept of “prayer?”

[flagged]


I was deeply alarmed when I figured out ISPs had effortless remote access to the routers and consequently to my LAN. Now they just provide me an ONT which terminates their fiber and connects into my own hardened GL.iNet router running OpenWRT.

If you're accusing CERT of hypocrisy, what's an example of the second case?

I'll do better than a second case, here's three:

Barracuda Networks: https://krebsonsecurity.com/2013/01/backdoors-found-in-barra...

Fortinet: https://community.spiceworks.com/t/hard-coded-password-backd...

Korenix: https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisory/backdoor-...

The fact that the password is "rzadmin" makes it a lot more likely that this is just run of the mill stupidity, and not something more nefarious: you'd want a backdoor that isn't blindingly obvious and usable by the CIA.


Almost all consumer electronics come with backdoors—especially given the prevalence of computational advertising. Before criticizing Tenda, we ought to clarify whether this is a consumer-facing (2C) or business-facing (2B) product.



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