Like many others, I too would very much like to hear about this.
I taught our entry-level calculus course a few years ago and had two blind students in the class. The technology available for supporting them was abysmal then -- the toolchain for typesetting math for screen readers was unreliable (and anyway very slow), for braille was non-existent, and translating figures into braille involved sending material out to a vendor and waiting weeks. I would love to hear how we may better support our students in subjects like math, chemistry, physics, etc, that depend so much on visualization.
The creator, https://www.reddit.com/user/Mrblindguardian/ has asked for help a few times in the past (I provided feedback when I could), but hasn't needed to as often of late, presumably due to using one or more LLMs.
I did a maths undergrad degree and the way my blind, mostly deaf friend and I communicated was using a stylized version of TeX markup. I typed on a terminal and he read / wrote on his braille terminal. It worked really well.
Yes, mostly raw TeX, just plain ascii - not specially coded for Braille. This was quite a long time ago, mid 1980's, so not long after TeX had started to spread in computer science and maths communities. My friend was using a "Versa Braille" terminal hooked via a serial port to a BBC Micro running a terminal program that I'd written. I cannot completely remember how we came to an understanding of the syntax to use. We did shorten some items because the Versa Braille only had 20 chars per "line".
He is still active and online and has a contact page see https://www.foneware.net. I have been a poor correspondent with him - he will not know my HN username. I will try to reach out to him.
Now that I've been recalling more memories of this, I do remember there being encoding or "escaped" character issues - particularly with brackets and parentheses.
There was another device between the BBC Micro and the "Versa Braille" unit. The interposing unit was a matrix switch that could multiplex between different serial devices - I now suspect it might also have been doing some character escaping / translation.
For those not familiar with Braille, it uses a 2x3 array (6 bits) to encode everything. The "standard" (ahem, by country) Braille encodings are super-sub-optimal for pretty much any programming language or mathematics.
After a bit of (me)memory refresh, in "standard" Braille you only get ( and ) - and they both encode to the same 2x3 pattern! So in Braille ()() and (()) would "read" as the same thing.
I now understand why you were asking about the software used. I do not recall how we completely worked this out. We had to have added some sort of convention for scoping.
I now also remember that the Braille terminal aggressively compressed whitespace. My friend liked to use (physical) touch to build a picture, but it was not easy to send spatial / line-by-line information to the Braille terminal.
Being able to rely on spatial information has always stuck with me. It is for this reason I've always had a bias against Python, it is one of the few languages that depends on precise whitespace for statement syntax / scope.
Thank you so much for all this detail. This is very interesting & quite helpful, and it's great you were able to communicate all this with your friend.
For anyone else interested: I wanted to be able to typeset mathematics (actual formulas) for the students that's as automated as possible. There are 1 or 2 commercial products that can typeset math in Braille (I can't remember the names but can look them up) but not priced for individual use. My university had a license to one of them but only for their own use (duh) and they did not have the staff to dedicate to my students (double duh).
My eventual solution was to compile latex to html, which the students could use with a screen reader. But screen readers were not fully reliable, and very, very slow to use (compared to Braille), making homework and exams take much longer than they need to. I also couldn't include figures this way. I looked around but did not find an easy open source solution for converting documents to Braille. It would be fantastic to be able to do this, formulas and figures included, but I would've been very happy with just the formulas. (This was single variable calculus; I shudder to think what teaching vector calc would have been like.)
FYI Our external vendor was able to convert figures to printed Braille, but I imagine that's a labor intensive process.
Partway through the term we found funding for dedicated "learning assistants" (an undergraduate student who came to class and helped explain what's going on, and also met with the students outside of class). This, as much or more than any tech, was probably the single most imapctful thing.
Chris McCausland is great. A fair bit of his material _does_ reference his visual impairment, but it's genuinely witty and sharp, and it never feels like he's leaning on it for laughs/relying on sympathy.
He did a great skit with Lee Mack at the BAFTAs 2022[0], riffing on the autocue the speakers use for announcing awards.
I'm not a fan of his (nothing against him, just not my cup of tea when it comes to comedy and mostly not been interested in other stuff he's done), but the few times I have seen him as a guest on shows it's been clear that he's a generally clever person.
Honestly, that’s such a great example of how to share what you do on the interwebs. Right timing, helpful and on topic. Since I’ve listened to several episodes of the podcast, I can confirm it definitely delivers.
I suppose I should write about them. A good few will be about issues with the mobile apps and websites for AI, like Claude not even letting me know a response is available to read, let alone sending it to the screen reader to be read. It's a mess, but if we blind people want it, we have to push through inaccessibility to get it.
Mainly realtime processing. I play video games, and would love to play something like Legend of Zelda and just have the AI going, then ask it "read the menu options as I move between them," and it would speak each menu option as the cursor moves to it. Or when navigating a 3D environment, ask it to describe the surroundings, then ask it to tell me how to get to a place or object, then it guide me to it. That could be useful in real-world scenarios too.
Something one doesn't see in news headlines. Happy to see this comment.