Do you mean laying out 50 mile long cables from place to place with big engines on the ground that pull in a cable at a couple hundred miles per hour after a plane attaches to it? That wouldn't work. Not even if you skipped tow out a cable from your departure point so it could be reused.
And if you had a track for the cable to run in or a carriage holding the winch to drive travel along, then you would just make it rail freight.
No. Winch glider launches (which are not a new thing) use a ground-based winch to give the glider an initial impulse, and the glider uses that to gain altitude and then glide for a much longer distance.
It would work fine for sending small payloads short distances but unless you're in a hurry, it would be much easier to just send more mass by truck or train. One big benefit is having a truck or train being able to return to its origin without requiring another launch facility and also being able to travel in nearly all weather. There may be some use cases where drone gliders could airdrop payloads and return to their origin. But again, this requires very specific circumstances like good weather, a lack of roads, unavailability of av gas or jet fuel, and enough cleared space to launch a glider. I do see winches as a good way to launch lightweight fixed wing drones to reduce the amount of fuel and engine size required to deliver payloads. You'd only need to account for the fuel and power required to sustain cruise if you could winch a drone into the sky. You'd get even more distance if the drone was never intended to return like a kamikaze weapon. A small clearing in a field in Ukraine could launch cheap fixed wing kamikaze drones all day long.
It wouldn't work very fine at all. Gliding at low speed a minuscule payload 50-100 miles that you have to transfer to the airport at the departure point then from the airport at the destination will almost certainly take longer and be much more expensive in terms of infrastructure and worker cost than just driving it point to point in a delivery vehicle. It's also highly weather dependent, much more so than powered aircraft.
If you're really in a hurry you need a helicopter. Then pay your indulgences to some politician's shady "carbon credit" corporation if you feel guilty about your climate sin, or use a carbon-neutral manufactured kerosene for it, and then you're even greener and still cheaper than the unpowered spruce goose idea.
And if you had a track for the cable to run in or a carriage holding the winch to drive travel along, then you would just make it rail freight.