The so-called "Z transform" for discrete sequences is really just a misnomer for the actual method of generating functions (and formal power-series/Laurent-series). You just write a discrete sequence as a power series in z^(-1).
Analytic combinatorics (the rubric where mathematicians would want to place all the region-of-convergence, zeros-poles, etc. analysis of generating functions–formal power/Laurent series–Z transforms that engineering often focuses on) is not exactly easy-going either. Other common methods (relating convolution to multiplication, inverting transforms etc.) would traditionally be comprised under the Operational Calculus of Mikusiński.
