Weird. So they can send an FTL signal with quantum coupling/entanglement (or whatever). I wonder how "simultaneity" is set by the universe: average light speed between 2 points to determine average time frame???
If they can make it scale, it would be interesting to see how this affects space exploration vehicles: "get me a subspace channel to starfleet!", er, "open a quantum channel to deep space network!". This should make it possible to have almost realtime monitoring and control of a remote probe with a quantum relay link covering most of the interplanetary distance.
Alice shows Carol and Bob a red ball and a blue ball, and two empty boxes. Without showing Carol and Bob which ball goes in which box, Alice puts a ball in each box and gives one box to Bob and the other to Carol. Carol is an astronaut going to Mars, and they've agreed to open their boxes when she gets there.
Fast forward 6 months later, Carol is on Mars, and she opens her box and sees a red ball. Immediately, without any speed-of-light delay from Earth, Carol knows what Bob will see in his box when he opens it. Note how there's no "useful" information transferred faster than the speed of light - Carol and Bob can't use this to make any useful decisions.
The quantum version is weirder because the balls are in a superposition of red and blue until one of the two opens the box - but there's still no useful information transferred faster than light.
What you have described is an EPR experiment, not a quantum teleportation experiment. Also, we don't have any way of persisting a quantum state for 6 months. And, the above discussion is a little misleading because there exists a set of experiments which show "coherence effects" -- basically, that the universe is not obeying the classical probabilities. In this case neither Bob nor Carol see coherence effects on their own qubits (the blue/red state is really a 0-vs-1 distinction, hence quantum bits), but there are coherence effects to be seen in correlations between their measurements -- so if they ever communicate about some experiments they ran, they can do experiments which are inconsistent with the idea that Nature has "made up its mind" whether the ball is red or blue, the same as in double-slit diffraction where Nature has not "made up its mind" whether a photon has gone through the one slit or the other. That's the gist of the EPR experiment.
Let's get into what makes this a teleportation experiment though. Bob and Carol, we assume, still share these EPR pairs of well-entangled objects. What can you do with them? Let me just use "normal" to describe a channel which communicates normal 0's and 1's -- like the Internet does, or radio communications to Mars or what have you.
It turns out, you can communicate one of these clearly-abnormal states from Bob to Carol, using only normal bits. Bob wants to send another quantum state S to Carol but can only send normal bits. He entangles S with his side of the entangled pair, measures the two to get some normal bits, then sends these to Carol. Carol can use the normal bits to modify her own side of the EPR pair into the state S. All of the weird quantum nature of S seems to have "hopped over" sometime between the entanglement and the measurement: the classical information sent just seems too puny, in the sense that we know you can't use a normal channel to communicate a quantum state without such an entangled pair.[1]
Still, the two normal bits that Bob sends seem to be important, in the sense that they tell Carol the right way to "look" at the teleported quantum system, which is not trivial. In that sense there is a much firmer speed-of-light barrier established: the information about the "right way to look at the teleported qubit" is classical, and cannot go faster than light, even though the weird quantum nature of the qubit seemingly did.
[1] That's not entirely true. If Bob makes the state himself then he can tell Carol how to make a copy. Instead you have to imagine that Alice gives quantum states to Bob which Bob doesn't know: Bob can still send these to Carol.
If they can make it scale, it would be interesting to see how this affects space exploration vehicles: "get me a subspace channel to starfleet!", er, "open a quantum channel to deep space network!". This should make it possible to have almost realtime monitoring and control of a remote probe with a quantum relay link covering most of the interplanetary distance.