Great list! I’ll definitely run your benchmark against Doctly.ai (our PDF-to-Markdown service) specially as we publish our workflow service, to see how we stack up.
One thing I’ve noticed in many benchmarks, though, is the potential for bias. I’m actually working on a post about this issue, so it’s top of mind for me. For example, in the omni benchmark, the ground truth expected a specific order for heading information—like logo, phone number, and customer details. While this data was all located near the top of the document, the exact ordering felt subjective. Should the model prioritize horizontal or vertical scanning? Since the ground truth was created by the company running the benchmark, their model naturally scored the highest for maintaining the same order as the ground-truth.
However, this approach penalized other LLMs for not adhering to the "correct" order, even though the order itself was arguably arbitrary. This kind of bias can skew results and make it harder to evaluate models fairly. I’d love to see benchmarks that account for subjectivity or allow for multiple valid interpretations of document structure.
Did you run into this when looking at the benchmarks?
On a side note, Doctly.ai leverages multiple LLMs to evaluate documents, and runs a tournament with a judge for each page to get the best data (this is only on the Precision Ultra selection).
Hey I wrote the Omni benchmark. I think you might be misreading the methodology on our side. Order on page does not matter in our accuracy scoring. In fact we are only scoring on JSON extraction as a measurement of accuracy. Which is order independent.
We chose this method for all the same reasons you highlight. Text similarity based measurements are very subject to bias, and don't correlate super well with accuracy. I covered the same concepts in the "The case against text-similarity"[1] section of our writeup.
Bias wrt ordering is a great point. What we consider structured information in this benchmark is irrespective of how its presentation (Order, format etc), it should be directly comparable. So the benchmark does that it into account.
Example is if you are only converting lets say an invoice into markdown, you can introduce bias wrt ordering etc. But if the task is to find out invoice number, total amount, number of line items with headers like price, amount, description, in that case you can compare two outputs without a lot of bias. Eg even if columns are interchanged, you will still get the same metric.
Exactly. You still have to be explicit in order to remove bias. Either by sorting the keys, or looking up specific keys. For arrays, I would say order still matters. For example when you capture a list of invoice items, you should maintain order.
One thing I’ve noticed in many benchmarks, though, is the potential for bias. I’m actually working on a post about this issue, so it’s top of mind for me. For example, in the omni benchmark, the ground truth expected a specific order for heading information—like logo, phone number, and customer details. While this data was all located near the top of the document, the exact ordering felt subjective. Should the model prioritize horizontal or vertical scanning? Since the ground truth was created by the company running the benchmark, their model naturally scored the highest for maintaining the same order as the ground-truth.
However, this approach penalized other LLMs for not adhering to the "correct" order, even though the order itself was arguably arbitrary. This kind of bias can skew results and make it harder to evaluate models fairly. I’d love to see benchmarks that account for subjectivity or allow for multiple valid interpretations of document structure.
Did you run into this when looking at the benchmarks?
On a side note, Doctly.ai leverages multiple LLMs to evaluate documents, and runs a tournament with a judge for each page to get the best data (this is only on the Precision Ultra selection).