Publication analyzing/unifying topics like Dynamic Time Warping, Spell checking, Knuth-Moris-Pratt andother string search, Hidden Markov Chains, and many other text/image/signal processing algorithms/metrics in coherent form?
I come from an engineering angle and am only superficially familiar with https://dspguide.com/ which I found useful for my field.
DSP is a broad field, from audio design to high speed communication to image processing. An introductory book (see above) will touch many subjects, but to go deeper you will have to find books dedicated to that specific field.
[a] Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison
David Sankoff and Joseph Kruskal, with introduction by John Nerbonne
https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Strings-Maxime-Crochemore/...
In addition, I would recommend any thick book on Digital Signal Processing.