But there's a reason why Docker was so successful - a single file that could define a deployment and tooling to build it into a runnable artefact was incredibly useful. From the future tech useful.
If you can name these other similar solutions created by charities I can probably me more specific.
I think of Docker as a well executed and well-timed formalization of existing tools. It put a name to a collection of engineering concepts. This is why people can build Docker in N lines of shell script. Jails existed in the late 90s. IaC had multiple options before Docker.
I think that depends on what you mean by docker. Lots of similar things existed before, just less formalized and less centralized.