Hiya! Author of Awala here. We're revamping the website right now so it's great to get this kind of feedback! I'll answer your questions in the meantime.
You raise good questions. I originally tried to keep it simple and wrote the documentation with my (prospective) partners in mind. They already work in this space, so they know the problem very well, and we'd usually have a few high-level conversations before getting into that kind of details, so I didn't want to bore them with things they already knew. However, things are changing now and we're opening things up to the public in the coming days, so these are things I need to document better.
> how such a network would be useful
We're trying to establish connectivity in regions where the national/local government, or an adversary in a conflict zone (e.g. Gaza, Tigray), deliberately cuts off the population from the Internet.
I'm talking about places where satellite Internet services, like Starlink, won't work:
- Conflict zones where the enemy controls the sky, as they could "triangulate" the location of the terminal. This is why Starlink can be used in most of Ukraine, but is too risky to use in other conflict zones.
> who the couriers are and how they actually deliver the cargo
A courier is an individual or a group of people who volunteer to transport the data physically, between the region without access to the Internet and a location with access to the Internet. They can charge people if they want to and people agree, but Awala itself doesn't handle anything to do with that, so it'd be more of a verbal agreement amongst them.
That location with access to the Internet can be a place within the disconnected region that the government is intentionally keeping online (e.g. hospitals, international hotels), or a place/subregion whose ISP is taking too long to take offline. Worse case scenario, it could be:
> Or why that's desirable over just caching the messages until the internet is available again.
Because in many cases you never know when the Internet will be restored. And during that time, you have diaspora communities absolutely horrified after not hearing from close relatives for weeks or even months. Or, in the case of many North Korean escapees, potentially ever.
> And what about reliability? How long does cargo take to get to its destination? How often does it actually make it there?
Every situation will be different. For example:
- In non-conflict zones where the government doesn't have the capability to triangulate unlicensed Starlink devices, it'd take whatever it takes for the courier to drive/cycle/walk to that device. People have smuggled these things even in Iran, where the government does have some capability to detect them: https://iranwire.com/en/technology/133773-iranians-defy-inte...
- In places like India (the world's capital of Internet blackouts), where blackouts are regional, couriers could catch a train to another region as shown in the link above.
Awala is built to withstand delays of up to 6 months.
Haha, that's one of my long-term ~plans~ dreams. :)
NASA and the rest of the space industry have done a fantastic job with the Bundle Protocol (BP) and other related tech[1], but I think they will need something like Awala running on top of BP as we start to send humans further and further into space.
With Awala running on top of the Interplanetary Internet, astronauts could use regular Awala apps, with no need to built custom integrations with things like social networks (once those too are supported on Awala).
Extremely easy. Starlink uses active steering, but there's always some signal leaking into unintended directions. The spectrum used is very obvious as well.
I couldn't post a reply to a message from shubhamkrm because someone flagged it. Honestly, I don't see how the comment would've violated the HN guidelines. They disagreed with me, but did so respectfully. I suspect someone may have perceived it as a violation to the following rule:
> Please don't use Hacker News for political or ideological battle. That tramples curiosity.
But I'd argue that deleting their message actually tramples curiosity. It wasn't a political or ideological message. The focus was ethics.
In the hope that this was a mistake, I'll quote most of their message below next to my replies.
---
> A major reason for Internet blackouts here is because in many areas, there’s a deep seated animosity between different communities due to historical and ideological differences. Internet blackouts are done close to any sensitive event, to prevent malicious actors from spreading misinformation/rumours and provoking riots
First of all, I like your summary of the situation in India because I think it's objective and brings its nuance to the front.
> Have you considered the ethical implications of your service in such cases?
I have.
India is the reason why I describe Awala's goal as "providing all human beings with uncensored and timely communication anywhere in the universe – without impairing the fundamental rights of other human beings".[1] That last sentence is mainly because of India.
I agree with the sentiment, or the problem that the government is trying to tackle, but I disagree with their methods. They violate the fundamental human rights of many millions of people -- predominantly in Jammu & Kashmir and Manipur -- whenever they disconnect entire regions, not just from the Internet, but from the outside world. Even the postal service has been suspended.[2]
I don't think it's all India's fault though. At its core, this is a content moderation issue. Those malicious actors that spread misinformation use large WhatsApp groups and the like, and the companies behind those products haven't done enough to address the problem, so local governments in India take the drastic decision to cut off the Internet.
> Are you willing to take the moral responsibility for the damage to life and property that could be caused using your service?
Rather than waiting for something like that to happen, I'm more interested in mitigating it in the first place. That's why:
- Letro[3], the first -- and so far only -- app to be powered by Awala, only supports 1:1 messaging. No groups yet, and when we do, we'll only support a relatively small number of people (TBD; not hundreds or thousands).
- The future functionality to support "broadcasting" information to many users already has built-in mechanisms to handle hate speech and misinformation.[4]
- As I work closely with anyone integrating Awala in their existing services, I intend to ensure that they have adequate plans to address hate speech and misinformation.
Thanks for taking the time to respond to my comment. I didn't mean to be provocative or offensive, just wanted to show the perspective from the other side.
> I agree with the sentiment, or the problem that the government is trying to tackle, but I disagree with their methods. They violate the fundamental human rights of many millions of people -- predominantly in Jammu & Kashmir and Manipur -- whenever they disconnect entire regions, not just from the Internet, but from the outside world. Even the postal service has been suspended.[2]
> I don't think it's all India's fault though. At its core, this is a content moderation issue. Those malicious actors that spread misinformation use large WhatsApp groups and the like, and the companies behind those products haven't done enough to address the problem, so local governments in India take the drastic decision to cut off the Internet.
I appreciate the sentiment. People on HN who live in free Western countries might not appreciate how an under-policed country with deep historical animosities looks like (India had 145 police personnel per 100k population, whereas the US had 428[1]). Unmitigated misinformation can do (and has done) a lot of harm in such societies. I agree with you that at its core, its a moderation issue, and a policing issue. I myself do not agree with the blanket bans, but I do not see any other possible mitigations as long as the communication service providers (such as Meta) do not bring proper moderation and fact-checks.
> Rather than waiting for something like that to happen, I'm more interested in mitigating it in the first place. That's why:
> - Letro[3], the first -- and so far only -- app to be powered by Awala, only supports 1:1 messaging. No groups yet, and when we do, we'll only support a relatively small number of people (TBD; not hundreds or thousands).
> - The future functionality to support "broadcasting" information to many users already has built-in mechanisms to handle hate speech and misinformation.[4]
> - As I work closely with anyone integrating Awala in their existing services, I intend to ensure that they have adequate plans to address hate speech and misinformation.
I do hope the mitigation works, and people are able to communicate with each other without allowing misinformation to spread. I had done some research on opportunistic networks as an undergrad student, with a similar goal of restoring communication in regions without adequate network coverage, so I do understand the need for such services. I wish you all the best, and would be following Awala with interest.
Hi there. I’m from India (the world’s capital of Internet blackouts). A major reason for Internet blackouts here is because in many areas, there’s a deep seated animosity between different communities due to historical and ideological differences. Internet blackouts are done close to any sensitive event, to prevent malicious actors from spreading misinformation/rumours and provoking riots. Have you considered the ethical implications of your service in such cases? Are you willing to take the moral responsibility for the damage to life and property that could be caused using your service?
I think that it's manifestly unreasonable to preemptively knock out communications in a large civilian area during peacetime for essentially any reasons; in that same vein, it's absurd to lay blame at the feet of a communications enabler who provides a means for individuals to escape authoritarian suppression of communications.
The only parties responsible for the violence you are implying would be the individuals actualizing the violence, the individuals originating falsities, and the governments who fail to actively maintain peace. The collective failures of all three to restrain their actions amidst uncertain rumors should not condemn the vast majority of peaceable humans from communicating with each other.
Nobody I know seriously claims that free speech and communication exclusively has upsides, but I'd argue that the benefits vastly outweigh the downsides and risks.
Whether freedom of speech should be externally "dictated", i.e. against the laws passed and enforced by an elected (or often not so much elected) local government, is a much more complicated question, but the ethics of providing a pure communications tool (i.e. a tool that isn't directly leveraged by its creators for foreign propaganda etc.) seem fairly clear to me: I think the desire for communication and information of somebody in such a region is ethical; the desire of others to suppress it isn't.
Cutting the internet is an authoritarian move, that’s used as threat on communities (usually minorities).
There is no moral irresponsibility when it comes to giving the general public access to data. The moral irresponsibility here is India bullying a minority population through their nationalist right wing government.
Also my god I can’t believe the pendulum has swung so far the ass of nationalism that it’s not a moral quandary to restore access to communications to marginalized communities.
You raise good questions. I originally tried to keep it simple and wrote the documentation with my (prospective) partners in mind. They already work in this space, so they know the problem very well, and we'd usually have a few high-level conversations before getting into that kind of details, so I didn't want to bore them with things they already knew. However, things are changing now and we're opening things up to the public in the coming days, so these are things I need to document better.
> how such a network would be useful
We're trying to establish connectivity in regions where the national/local government, or an adversary in a conflict zone (e.g. Gaza, Tigray), deliberately cuts off the population from the Internet.
I'm talking about places where satellite Internet services, like Starlink, won't work:
- Conflict zones where the enemy controls the sky, as they could "triangulate" the location of the terminal. This is why Starlink can be used in most of Ukraine, but is too risky to use in other conflict zones.
- Regions where the government won't give a licence to the operator. For example, Starlink in parts of Sudan: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/...
> who the couriers are and how they actually deliver the cargo
A courier is an individual or a group of people who volunteer to transport the data physically, between the region without access to the Internet and a location with access to the Internet. They can charge people if they want to and people agree, but Awala itself doesn't handle anything to do with that, so it'd be more of a verbal agreement amongst them.
That location with access to the Internet can be a place within the disconnected region that the government is intentionally keeping online (e.g. hospitals, international hotels), or a place/subregion whose ISP is taking too long to take offline. Worse case scenario, it could be:
- A place near the border with another region/country, where they can use the 4G/5G cell towers from that place. For example: https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/01/10/...
- Another region that the couriers can travel to. For example: https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/1/13/how-internet-ex...
> Or why that's desirable over just caching the messages until the internet is available again.
Because in many cases you never know when the Internet will be restored. And during that time, you have diaspora communities absolutely horrified after not hearing from close relatives for weeks or even months. Or, in the case of many North Korean escapees, potentially ever.
> And what about reliability? How long does cargo take to get to its destination? How often does it actually make it there?
Every situation will be different. For example:
- In non-conflict zones where the government doesn't have the capability to triangulate unlicensed Starlink devices, it'd take whatever it takes for the courier to drive/cycle/walk to that device. People have smuggled these things even in Iran, where the government does have some capability to detect them: https://iranwire.com/en/technology/133773-iranians-defy-inte...
- In places like India (the world's capital of Internet blackouts), where blackouts are regional, couriers could catch a train to another region as shown in the link above.
Awala is built to withstand delays of up to 6 months.