There is a common narrative comparing the early 20th-century trajectories of the US and Argentina, but populism and inflation are not the only root causes of Argentina's struggles and the US's success. Another factor, among others, is Argentina's persistent corruption[1] and weakened legal institutions. For instance, corruption and mafia influence in Argentina's ports escalated during the 1930s, and, more broadly, corruption there can be traced back to 1776, even before Argentina's independence.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Argentina