The genius of TeX is that it’s a programming language for document production, that can mostly look like markup. The further genius(?) is that the language works in such a way that you can do more or less arbitrarily complex things, while still exposing an interface to the user that feels like markup. This makes for a language that is sometimes, honestly, completely bananas. But when wielded correctly, it’s great.
Typst is also a programming language for document production, however they made the decision to make the code side an actual scripting language, which makes writing custom logic much easier than in Latex.
