Given how hot jet engines run, the capability to power aircraft in general that way seems identical to being able to target at least several thousands antimaterial laser weapons that necessarily are designed to be firing almost continuously and which automatically get worldwide coverage.
I'm not saying this will never happen (10% odds Musk tries it), but I don't see that being possible without a single world government, as whoever controls such a system will definitely never fear ICBMs or hostile aircraft.
Put an ablator on the nose of the ICBM. As it approaches burn-through the warhead salvage-fuses. Your defenders have EMP issues, but let's assume they can shield against that. The problem is now the sky is full of electronic ghosts from the first detonation. Pretty soon another warhead comes along through that ghost-filled sky. The defenders have a much harder time locating it accurately enough to fire. And, once again, when it's going to burn through it salvage-fuses. The sky gets worse.
You can stop any given missile. Stopping a whole string of them is quite another matter.
(Same as an aircraft pilot beating an incoming missile. Do it right and you can use the missile's speed against it, forcing it to make a turn it can't. But now you're out of position and can't do it against a second missile coming in some seconds behind.)
This was one of the ideas pursued in the Reagan-era Strategic Defense Initiative, aka Star Wars. They weren't able to develop a system that would work against ICBMs. Powering an aircraft is both easier and harder; the aircraft presumably isn't making evasive maneuvers and trying to stop you from powering it, but the economic and safety constraints are harder.
IIRC, one of the problems with SDI was that at the time the only way to make lasers powerful enough to destroy an ICBM was to pump the lasing medium with a nuke, making them one-shot devices.
Sensing may still be a problem today, especially as stealth is also improving, but detection in general is much easier than it was in the Regan era.
That doesn't sound like an airline I would care to fly!
During takeoff a 747 consumes power at a rate of about 90MW. Having something outside the plane, whether in orbit or ground-based, pumping that much power into the plane while I'm in it, sounds quite alarming. Not to mention issues with aiming, power loss, etc.
To power a plane with renewable sources, it seems most practical to generate power on the ground and use that to produce synthetic fuel.
Your laser is in the high tens of megawatts, perhaps even low hundreds. That's quite capable of shooting pretty much anything out of the sky. You had better keep the beam perfectly on target. And what's the target, anyway? How do you convert that kind power into propulsion with very high efficiency? (If your efficiency isn't good enough your plane melts.)
Choose a wavelength that doesn't penetrate the troposphere. Also, multiple beams focused on the aircraft from different angles will not be focused on the ground.
As for conversion: probably some kind of PV, actively cooled.
The aircraft would be beam powered at altitude, where the air is thin, and where the vehicle is moving quickly, so any given parcel of air is out of the beam quickly.
