Healthcare seems like one of those services where demand can never be satiated. By 1900's standards, mostly everyone in advanced economies and a significant population in other areas has amazing healthcare. But the goalposts have moved and now we expect a lot more. So we think our current healthcare service is poor.
As such, government funded healthcare will always run into tough political constraints - whether to spend 100,000$ to extend 82yo grandma's life by 6 months? whether to spend 250,000$ to improve organs (eg. knees) of a 79yo grandpa? No easy answers there. And let's not even bring in the declining working populations of the developed countries, who actually pay for all of this.
Those same constraints exist with private sector health care.
Without insurance, it's just a matter of an individual's ability to pay directly.
Insurance providers (in the US model), keep doctors/nurses on payroll to approve/deny treatments (often regardless of what the treating physician has deemed appropriate).
With public health care, those doctor-come-bureacrats just move from being paid by a corporation to being paid by the government. The political right (in the US) calls these "death panels" but completely ignores that we're already subject to this, just by a for-profit entity instead of our duly elected government.
In many countries, treatments are less expensive than the US (by orders of magnitude). The US somehow has health care costs that seem to be divorced from the underlying costs for time and/or raw materials. I still don't understand how this came to be, but that's the situation.
Random youtube and web searches can quickly find situations of Americans buying medicines in eg. northernish Europe. "I'm terribly sorry sir, but you don't have health insurance here, so you'll have to pay that in cash, out of pocket" , and they end up paying next-to-nothing anyway.
If the costs are a few zeros lower, the decision becomes a lot easier a lot of the time.
Afaict "death panels" don't exist outside the US political discourse. Everything else is Overton window (If someone lies hard enough: "Surely there must be a grain of truth!" But no.)
If the UK NHS managed to keep Steven Hawking alive, you'd think they'd manage the same for practically anyone.
Despite claims from the right, we don't have a free market for healthcare (in no particular order)...
- The number of new doctors is tightly controlled via the residency program. In the past, the American Medical Assoc has lobbied to have those positions capped (though now there's enough of a shortage that the AMA is lobbying for more positions). The residency slots are funded by the federal government, not the medical schools/hospitals that run them.
- Every new healthcare facility goes through a local need analysis. There is always pressure from existing facilities to deny expanded need (this impacts things like MRIs - they're expensive because there are fewer than the market optimum number).
- Insurance divorces the consumer from the real cost. Further exacerbated because insurance is usually funded pre-tax by a person's employer (vs post tax from the employee's income).
- Insurance is coupled to employment - consumers can't pick and choose policies on the open market - the corporate HR benefits department does it.
- Various other regulatory systems create massive profits (insurance margins are capped, but in gross their profits are huge; Pharma is hugely profitable, even after accounting for R&D/approval costs)
- Medical doctors are paid extremely well. Average salary for a GP is over $250k US. Across all specialities, it's over $350k. Even accounting for the cost of medical school and low income during residency, they do very well. Most of the surgical specialists are $500k or more annually.
We seem to get the worst of all systems here. The downsides of strictly capitalist/free-market system plus the downsides of a strictly nationalized system. It works really well for the upper-middle-class (as long as you stay employed) and wealthy, but barely works at all for everybody else.
I also think preventative healthcare is not emphasized enough. The US spends a lot of money subsidizing sugar and then spends a ton on insulin. We need to stop pretending like our diets are not putting undo pressure on our healthcare system.
As such, government funded healthcare will always run into tough political constraints - whether to spend 100,000$ to extend 82yo grandma's life by 6 months? whether to spend 250,000$ to improve organs (eg. knees) of a 79yo grandpa? No easy answers there. And let's not even bring in the declining working populations of the developed countries, who actually pay for all of this.