People do track cash by serial number, each and every bill has a unique one. However in practice it doesn't happen a lot. I would think that's because:
- There are a whole lot of bills to keep track of
- The serial numbers are not easily stored and compared with computers (at least not for private individuals)
That second point, bills not being on computers, is why cash isn't the easy answer to the banking problems we are discussing here. You can't pay someone across the country very easily using dollar bills.
With Bitcoin, there actually aren't any bills or tokens with serial numbers attached to them. There are however, as you point out, unique addresses for each transaction. Like the vast number of paper bill serial numbers, there are a lot of possibly Bitcoin addresses. Far, far more than there are paper dollar bills, sands in the sea, and stars in the sky, actually.
It is, however, somewhat possible to track Bitcoin going too and from the addresses because it is all on computers and this is a trade off of Bitcoin being permission-less and not controlled by a single entity that can decide to unbank you, and online so that you can send it to people across the country.
So, as you point out, if someone publicly associates themselves with a Bitcoin address, and if they reuse that address over and over, you can see how much Bitcoin is going into and out of that address, and if the other addresses in these transactions are also known, then you can easily see that Bob sent Alice some Bitcoin. Address reuse and publicly associating yourself with an address was unfortunately common in the early days of Bitcoin, but practically it never never happens anymore. Instead each and every transaction uses a new unique address, and as I said before, there a vast huge number of possible addresses.
As for exchanges, yes, they do have identities associated with Bitcoin addresses. You can easily accept bitcoin from an exchange and then transfer it again to other addresses that have not been publicly associated with you.
Also, hopefully someday exchanges won't be necessary.
> It is, however, somewhat possible to track Bitcoin going too and from the addresses because it is all on computers and this is a trade off of Bitcoin being permission-less and not controlled by a single entity that can decide to unbank you, and online so that you can send it to people across the country.
It's not "somewhat" possible, it's 100% possible because the history is public and permanent. If you make a mistake once in your entire life Chainalysis will see through anything you previously did to obscure a transaction.
There is no personally identifiable information stored in the public ledger. Just addresses, scripts, and Bitcoin amounts. If someone that knows you (like an employer or a Bitcoin exchange) sends you Bitcoin, they will know addresses that you claimed were yours. As soon as the Bitcoin moves from those addresses to another address then the provable link to you is broken.
All the chain analysis you have heard of is based on likely patterns and typical behavior of address use in common Bitcoin wallet software. New signature and script schemes have been added to Bitcoin in the past several years that disrupt those patterns and make it even harder to find connections between addresses.
"Addresses" are personally identifiable information if you're associated with one, or if you use an exchange, which you'd want to because most people providing goods and services (and also your local tax authority) want the local currency.
If you're claiming these upgrades made Bitcoin anonymous in 2021, that's obviously not true, since multiple people who stole billions of dollars of bitcoins from exchanges have been caught with chain analysis since then.
Ok, first off, let's take a step back here. We are discussing a solution to this unbanking problem, but you and I have gotten off into the weeds a little about hiding actual criminal activity. Bitcoin is not 100% private, but it did take 10 years and this guy inviting the police into his home where they found his physical bitcoin wallets in order for him to get caught. That only supports the point I'm making that Bitcoin anonymity, though not perfect, is still pretty damn good. Good enough to fix this current unbanking problem.
Bitcoin is not magical and perfect, trade-offs have to be made in any endeavor. I personally think the ones Bitcoin has made are good ones. Maybe you still disagree.
Nah, the real issue (which it shares with every other crypto project) is that it invented a kind of decentralized network that doesn't get better with more nodes but still manages to use more energy.
Of course, all later ones are funnier. People think Ethereum is a distributed computer! But the whole network runs at the speed of a single node.
If you want to trade numbers with people over the internet, I recommend using Google Sheets. Maybe ban people if they edit it wrong.
- There are a whole lot of bills to keep track of
- The serial numbers are not easily stored and compared with computers (at least not for private individuals)
That second point, bills not being on computers, is why cash isn't the easy answer to the banking problems we are discussing here. You can't pay someone across the country very easily using dollar bills.
With Bitcoin, there actually aren't any bills or tokens with serial numbers attached to them. There are however, as you point out, unique addresses for each transaction. Like the vast number of paper bill serial numbers, there are a lot of possibly Bitcoin addresses. Far, far more than there are paper dollar bills, sands in the sea, and stars in the sky, actually.
It is, however, somewhat possible to track Bitcoin going too and from the addresses because it is all on computers and this is a trade off of Bitcoin being permission-less and not controlled by a single entity that can decide to unbank you, and online so that you can send it to people across the country.
So, as you point out, if someone publicly associates themselves with a Bitcoin address, and if they reuse that address over and over, you can see how much Bitcoin is going into and out of that address, and if the other addresses in these transactions are also known, then you can easily see that Bob sent Alice some Bitcoin. Address reuse and publicly associating yourself with an address was unfortunately common in the early days of Bitcoin, but practically it never never happens anymore. Instead each and every transaction uses a new unique address, and as I said before, there a vast huge number of possible addresses.
As for exchanges, yes, they do have identities associated with Bitcoin addresses. You can easily accept bitcoin from an exchange and then transfer it again to other addresses that have not been publicly associated with you. Also, hopefully someday exchanges won't be necessary.