Take this a further step. Assuming we had telescopes big enough and sensors sensitive enough, what does the structure of the deepest parts of space look like? Are there pre-galaxy-formation structures which are smaller than galaxies and yet take up huge swaths of sky? Are there structures from some point in the past that take up so much space on the sky that not very many of them can "fit", and, if so, do the calculations work out so that an equivalent explanation for having not very many of them is that the [region of the] universe [which is observable to us] was just that much smaller back then?
The furthest we can see is the physical limit of universe: we can literaly see thefirst photons after universe became transparent. That is the CMB (cosmic microwave background, and you can easily google a real picture). The problem is, while these are the oldest photons we will ever be able to see, they still are from when universe was cca 400 000 years old, and by that time it was 100 million lightyears wide. That picture tells us that the universe was extremely homogenous (altho not perfectly), and basically no such structures you talk about.
If we would like to see even further, we must give up on photons completely, and probably probe the ultra deep space gravitation waves. Those should give us picture even of completely opaque universe, as it was before then. So far we can only "see/hear" the brightest/loudest events in the universe with our gravitational waves observatories, but the fact we can even do that is astounding nontheless: we built a new sense for humanity, that no other known creature in the universe posses. LISA project should hear more.
