Possibly, yes. This is the dream of so called "single cell protein" production. One type of SCP has been sold for years under the brand name Quorn (derived from a fungus rather than bacteria).
Bacterial protein may trigger allergic reactions in people and bacterial biomass is purine-rich which can also be a problem for people prone to gout. It's possible that cell engineering, directed evolutionary selection, or additional post-growth processing can minimize these problems.
I personally think that the more likely path is using fast-growing bacteria as feed for animal agriculture or aquaculture. Solar panels are so efficient at sunlight conversion compared to plants that you could farm salmon protein starting from bacterial pellets grown on solar derived hydrogen with per-hectare productivity comparable to conventionally farming soy beans. But the solar farm can go on saline, dry, contaminated, or otherwise agriculturally useless land. And salmon has slightly greater nutritional value than soy protein plus significantly greater market value.
Bacterial protein may trigger allergic reactions in people and bacterial biomass is purine-rich which can also be a problem for people prone to gout. It's possible that cell engineering, directed evolutionary selection, or additional post-growth processing can minimize these problems.
I personally think that the more likely path is using fast-growing bacteria as feed for animal agriculture or aquaculture. Solar panels are so efficient at sunlight conversion compared to plants that you could farm salmon protein starting from bacterial pellets grown on solar derived hydrogen with per-hectare productivity comparable to conventionally farming soy beans. But the solar farm can go on saline, dry, contaminated, or otherwise agriculturally useless land. And salmon has slightly greater nutritional value than soy protein plus significantly greater market value.