It's not really clear what you are asking for. You term your desire 'game design', but that generally means the arrangement of systems (ex rules) for a game . But, your first list sounds more like 'video game architecture'.
I found Chris Deleon's Hands-On Intro to Game Programming in HTML5 a helpful book of graduated exercises that also demonstrates how to reuse components of previous games. [https://gamkedo.gumroad.com/l/hands-on-game-programming] It is, however, somewhat expensive and I only sprung for it as part of a larger bundled deal. I imagine that you could find similar works, or it might not jive with you. His udemy course, using this as the text, has a preview video. [https://www.udemy.com/course/how-to-program-games/#instructo...]
Perhaps Robert Nystrom's Game Programming Patterns fits your bill, as it discusses high and low level patterns. [https://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/contents.html]
The Architecture of Open Source Applications: Volume 1 book has a chapter on the game Battle for Wesnoth . [https://aosabook.org/en/v1/wesnoth.html]
I found Chris Deleon's Hands-On Intro to Game Programming in HTML5 a helpful book of graduated exercises that also demonstrates how to reuse components of previous games. [https://gamkedo.gumroad.com/l/hands-on-game-programming] It is, however, somewhat expensive and I only sprung for it as part of a larger bundled deal. I imagine that you could find similar works, or it might not jive with you. His udemy course, using this as the text, has a preview video. [https://www.udemy.com/course/how-to-program-games/#instructo...]
Perhaps other communities, focused on this topic, might provide better answers [https://www.reddit.com/r/gamedev/]