Seconding Designing Data Intensive Applications by M. Kleppmann. Gets you from “zero to hero” in fundamentals on scaling large distributed data platforms.
Wondering if there are equivalents on modern approaches to security.
It's a little bit dated and probably not what you mean by security but The Shellcoder's Handbook is a fun and educational one (at least if you, like me, come from an application development background).
Learn how to communicate with folks outside of engineering. i.e. by spending time with peers in product management, customer support, marketing, etc.
Do projects that push your understanding: https://austinhenley.com/blog/challengingprojects.html and https://austinhenley.com/blog/morechallengingprojects.html.
Join a startup if you haven't worked for a startup. Join a massive corporation if you have only worked for startups.
Read more source code of projects and your dependencies. Make contributions to the docs, improve the error messages of projects you use.
Write blog posts or just notes to yourself to organize your thoughts and ensure you understand what you think you do.
Join companies or teams within your company where you feel challenged to grow, not being complacent. Don't worry about feeling like an idiot.
Just a couple of ideas.