My guess is that is the opengraph[0] crawler for Substack Notes[1], the Twitter-ish alternative that Substack is making, so like someone posting a link to your blog, it visits, grabs meta tags to display a link preview.
Edit: I was indeed correct, I went on Substack notes and wrote my own site, but the bad part is that it crawls as you type your post out, so instead of 1 request it'll be several!
I wouldn't expect they are rewriting their user agents to announce their company. You'd get a regular user agent if they were using a regular browser.
It feels more likely that they are gathering stats on tech writers and weblogs to see who they might want to invite to Substack one day. They could hide this with a fake user agent, but have chosen not to.
[0]: https://ogp.me/
[1]: https://substack.com/notes
Edit: I was indeed correct, I went on Substack notes and wrote my own site, but the bad part is that it crawls as you type your post out, so instead of 1 request it'll be several!
> Sun Apr 30 2023 23:56:03 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)]: | Ip=34.200.242.86 | Req_page=/?substack_notes | Agent=SubstackContentFetch/1.0 (https://substack.com/)