All those leaks contribute to the externalities of natural gas. I don't know the relative contributions between extraction and distribution, but leaks in the distribution network are also a problem in Europe [1]. It's certainly true that extraction leaks can be so substantial as to make shale gas worse than coal [2] (twice worse over 20 years!).
Landfills (and agriculture) are big sources of methane. I think this is a pretty good start to figure out what the EU is doing to reduce all sources [3].
Landfills (and agriculture) are big sources of methane. I think this is a pretty good start to figure out what the EU is doing to reduce all sources [3].
[1] https://www.uu.nl/en/publication/scientists-discover-more-me... [2] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0061-5 [3] https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022...