Airplanes already have built-in anti-icing. It usually just redirects hot exhaust air from the engines. That's what they use in flight.
Adding a separate system on every plane just for the landing/taxi/takeoff phase probably isn't worth the effort: it'd require them to carry around additional weight, and the deicing system would require additional maintenance.
But who knows, maybe we'll see innovative systems in the future which can deal with it in a better way!
And some other aircraft (like turboprops) use deicing boots on the leading edges. Rubber like surfaces that expand at specific intervals (usually a low and high setting).
And those in the GA community have weeping wings / TKS deicing fluid which leaks out of the leading edges thru small holes (again, with a low or high rate).
Neither of which you wanna rely upon for takeoff - need to make sure that stuff is gone from the surfaces and if using fluid be aware of holdover times.
> On the 2nd of April 2012, a Russian airliner conducting a regional flight in Siberia ran into trouble immediately after taking off from the city of Tyumen. The plane swayed wildly from side to side as the pilots yelled over each other, seemingly unable to figure out what to do. Just one minute after takeoff, the ATR-72 plunged into a snow-covered field, cartwheeled, and burst into flames, killing 33 of the 43 people on board.
> As the pilots taxied the plane to the runway, Captain Antsin switched on the plane’s on-board de-icing systems. Although the de-icing systems were designed to be used in flight, not on the ground, there was technically no prohibition against this, and many pilots at UTair made a habit of turning the system on during taxi to check that it was functioning properly. The on-board de-icing system inflates rubber “boots” inside the leading edges of the wings and stabilizers to remove ice which accumulates there while in flight. But while the plane is parked, ice can build up across the entire upper wing surface, rather than just along the leading edge. The de-icing boots can’t remove ice that has formed behind the leading edges.
Ironically they were not used to deicing procedures partly because it is usually too cold there for ice to form on the ground. As I understand it you need a dew point and temperature of around zero, so that water will condense and freeze on the surface. Snow alone is no problem as it comes off, as I understand it.
Typically, airplanes are deiced with heat from the compressor section of the engines ("bleed air"). Evidently it's cheaper/lighter to do that than it is to generate the substantial amounts of electricity that would be required to achieve the same effect electrically.
The 787 is one aircraft I know that uses what you describe for wing anti-ice. I believe it still uses bleed air to deice the engine nacelles.
Are the fire risks too high due to the fuel being in the wings?