The shift towards energy independence can be seen as a response to the crumbling global order, particularly in the context of America's role in enforcing this order after World War II.
The global order that emerged after World War II was largely shaped by the United States and its allies, who established institutions and frameworks that facilitated globalization and economic interdependence. As a result, many countries became reliant on the global supply chain and the free flow of goods and services.
The current situation can be attributed in part to the damage done to the United States' reputation as a security guarantor due to the failure to deter Russia from attacking Ukraine and the negative outcome of the Afghanistan disastrous withdrawal.
From my personal experience and through my connections with people in Eastern Europe, I have noticed a shift in the perception of the United States and NATO as reliable sources of security. While there was previously a belief that these countries could always be relied upon for protection, there is now a sense of uncertainty and concern following the failure to deter Russia and the refusal to provide offensive weapons. This has led to a greater focus on acquiring their own weapons for self-defense (including ! talks about acquiring nuclear weapons). I very much doubt things are much different in Japan.
Many countries were already on the path to using more and more oil. And many countries simply don't have coal resources, see Switzerland needing coal imports from Nazi Germany.
So in energy terms I think the use of oil naturally leads to globalization as people had few other options.
Coal is more widely distributed and would likely have seen some more use, but oil and gas were gone increase in use WW2 or not.
The global order that emerged after World War II was largely shaped by the United States and its allies, who established institutions and frameworks that facilitated globalization and economic interdependence. As a result, many countries became reliant on the global supply chain and the free flow of goods and services.
The current situation can be attributed in part to the damage done to the United States' reputation as a security guarantor due to the failure to deter Russia from attacking Ukraine and the negative outcome of the Afghanistan disastrous withdrawal.
From my personal experience and through my connections with people in Eastern Europe, I have noticed a shift in the perception of the United States and NATO as reliable sources of security. While there was previously a belief that these countries could always be relied upon for protection, there is now a sense of uncertainty and concern following the failure to deter Russia and the refusal to provide offensive weapons. This has led to a greater focus on acquiring their own weapons for self-defense (including ! talks about acquiring nuclear weapons). I very much doubt things are much different in Japan.