I've gone down this rabbit hole for audio CDs a few months ago.
In addition to Exact Audio Copy (Windows only, proprietary) I was able to find some open source tools that should (haven't compared to EAC directly yet) achieve the same result.
One of the still maintained tools is [whipper](https://github.com/whipper-team/whipper). I've used it to successfully rip a few CDs, though in my case that wasn't really a challenge due to the good condition the CDs were in.
In addition to Exact Audio Copy (Windows only, proprietary) I was able to find some open source tools that should (haven't compared to EAC directly yet) achieve the same result.
One of the still maintained tools is [whipper](https://github.com/whipper-team/whipper). I've used it to successfully rip a few CDs, though in my case that wasn't really a challenge due to the good condition the CDs were in.