Bell Canada seems to be doing quite well at it. They reabsorbed the Bell Aliant assets in Ontario a few years ago and removed themselves from TorIX (the TORonto Internet eXchange, the largest IX in Ontario of which Bell Aliant was a member). The only place most Canadian ISPs can peer with Bell is in the US (in New York or Chicago, iirc). It's sad that local peering is not a thing in many jurisdictions. Bonus side effect: traffic crossing international borders is free to snoop on for the spooks!
They probably are peering locally, just not publicly.
In Germany the largest ISP Deutsche Telekom is not peering publicly in any meaningful manner. To get access to their customers you need to pay them a lot of money and connect to their network at some remote locations. It's the reason why YouTube was laggy for years for the majority of German customers until Google finally caved.
They do peer locally, but of course they charge for it. It's all PNI, and quite expensive. For the longest time, Cloudflare routes from Toronto went down to Chicago.
Any ISP that wants to peer with Bell either pays them to connect directly, or pays Bell for transport links to IXes in the United States. It's a win-win if you're Bell!
