This is one of the advantages Gitlab has because the ability to do this is built into gitlab-runner so you don’t have to maintain anything, you’re using the same code Gitlab itself is.
They like to pretend that's true, but it is for sure not, at least not unless your job is so simple it could literally be a shell script or a Makefile as others have said
Any use of rules, cache, includes, or ... you know, real life ... gitlab-ci constructs makes `gitlab-runner exec my-job` do absolutely nothing helpful. The circleci binary did as advertised on the tin and has been my favorite "debug ci builds locally" experience
