My wife is actively involved in redistricting litigation, in Texas, and core root of it is from pro-segregation redlining in the early-to-mid 20th century; the intent is disenfranchisement. The set of laws, covenants, HOAs, and attitudes (NIMBY) towards the construction of suburbs is entirely rooted in segregation. That was one of their literal selling points. To this day, there are home purchase covenants restricting Jews and Colored Persons — it's super unfunny when the real estate agent laughs and asks "you're not Jewish, are you? There's this weird, unenforceable provision..."; and, then, you still have to get a Judge to strike the restriction.
But other communities, a long way physically and culturally from Berkley have the same problem.
Here in Aotearoa we have just bought in a law that allows housing intensification, as a right, in three of our largest cities. (The local councils are screaming blue murder in at least one of those). This is because of nimbyism and a chronic housing shortage.
https://news.berkeley.edu/2021/06/21/how-american-racism-is-...
My wife is actively involved in redistricting litigation, in Texas, and core root of it is from pro-segregation redlining in the early-to-mid 20th century; the intent is disenfranchisement. The set of laws, covenants, HOAs, and attitudes (NIMBY) towards the construction of suburbs is entirely rooted in segregation. That was one of their literal selling points. To this day, there are home purchase covenants restricting Jews and Colored Persons — it's super unfunny when the real estate agent laughs and asks "you're not Jewish, are you? There's this weird, unenforceable provision..."; and, then, you still have to get a Judge to strike the restriction.