UPI's penetration in (urban and semi-urban anyway) India is honestly incredible. I worked with/on the tech when it was very nascent in 2016 and in 2022, on visiting India after a long time I was stunned to see _everyone_ has a little PayTM QR code card. Vegetable vendors, taxi drivers, roadside hawkers, small business owners. It's brilliant because the system is banking the traditionally unbanked, and generating tremendous amounts of data that can hopefully be put to good use by economists, honestly unlike any other system in the world. Even MPesa in Africa has stupidly high withdrawal and transaction fees, which UPI doesn't need at all.
