I get how Dropbox works well for folders and files, but what about web browsing? I keep tabs open so I remember to do things, and for research purposes. For example, if I'm going to a meeting I might open up a dozen tabs with LinkedIn profiles, wikipedia pages, etc. If I do that on a desktop computer, can I get that synced over to my laptop, so I can review those tabs when I'm on my way to the meeting?
Yes that's all built into Firefox sync. It sync your tabs and bookmarks and much more across computers and phones automatically. You can also send specific tabs from your phone to your computer and when you sit down on the computer, the tab opens. :)
If you are on chrome, I'm not sure if there is something like that but it should exist some plugin...