>the key take away is that insulin is produced in response to excess carbohydrates,
Citation? My experience is consistent with yours. However, my understanding is that insulin is mainly a signal to cells to take on nutrients, and it is not exclusively a response to carbohydrates, much less "excess carbohydrates." Certain amino acids provoke an insulin response, for example. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2660133/
Citation? My experience is consistent with yours. However, my understanding is that insulin is mainly a signal to cells to take on nutrients, and it is not exclusively a response to carbohydrates, much less "excess carbohydrates." Certain amino acids provoke an insulin response, for example. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2660133/