There are game libraries for many languages, so for beginners to game development, anything will do. Small libraries abstract a few functionalities over the lower level ones (sprite batching, input/events handling, etc.) and handle multiplatform. Larger libraries may take care of other aspects (game loop, scene graph, etc.) and specialize on certain game types (3D, platform, RPG, etc.).
C++ is probably a must if you one writes large games and/or performance critical ones (regarding "high performance"/low level languages, Rust libraries are immature).
Scripting languages (e.g. Python/PyGame) can be a good (quick) way to start and experiment. But readability falls very quickly when complexity grows (e.g. difficult to interpret inheritance tree), so at some point one may easily feel the need to switch to a statically typed language.
So, right now Unity, Cryengine and Godot all use C# as a language (though it's fairly new to Godot, but is fully supported). Godot is a free game engine to get started on and publish on to start with side projects/build up a portfolio on - though (and double check the documentation) you can use Unity for free and then they take a cut if your game makes more than X amount I THINK.
C and C++ are the lingua franca for the games industry, followed by C# for tooling, scripting and lightweight game engines. Some Assembly also helps for those last mile optimization tricks.
Naturally if you aren't looking into getting into the industry, rather having fun at coding games, anything that can do graphics and sound will do.
